To undermine something means to erode its foundation - in CR, anything that undermines the conclusion creates a valid doubt about whether the conclusion is true. This may happen without the conclusion really being proved false in an unassailable way.
Quote:
Here is an example taken from these forums itself:
Advertisement: For sinus pain, three out of four hospitals give their patients Novex. So when you want the most effective painkiller for sinus pain, Novex is the one to choose.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the advertisement's argument?
A) Some competing brands of painkillers are intended to reduce other kinds of pain in addition to sinus pain.
B) Many hospitals that do not usually use Novex will do so for those patients who cannot tolerate the drug the hospitals usually use.
C) Many drug manufacturers increase sales of their products to hospitals by selling these products to the hospitals at the lowest price the manufacturers can afford.
D) Unlike some competing brands of painkillers, Novex is available from pharmacies without a doctor's prescription.
E) In clinical trials Novex has been found to be more effective than competing brands of painkillers that have been on the market longer than Novex.
The conclusion states that the fact that three hospitals out of four prescribe Novex means that Novex is the most effective painkiller. How do we undermine this? By proving that the hospitals may be prescribing Novex due to some reason other than Novex being the most effective.
Choice C provides us this reason - if Novex is being sold at a very low price to hospitals, then this may be the reason why hospitals are prescribing it - not because Novex is the most effective painkiller. This answer choice
undermines the conclusion that it is the effectiveness of Novex that leads it to be prescribed by the hospitals. The answer choice does not necessarily
disprove that Novex is the most effective - for all we know, it may be the most effective and the cheapest, and gets prescribed because it is effective, not because it is cheap. That possibility still exists. However, answer choice C does significantly call into question the conclusion that Novex is the most effective. Thus answer choice C undermines the conclusion without disproving it.