Researcher X: The development of renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar power, should be our primary focus in combating climate change. These technologies offer clean, limitless energy and are becoming more cost-effective each year. However, their intermittent nature—solar power being dependent on sunlight and wind power on wind conditions—means that significant investments in energy storage systems and grid infrastructure are needed to make renewable energy a reliable primary source. Researcher Y: While renewable energy technologies are important, they are not sufficient on their own to meet global energy demands or meaningfully address climate change in the short term. Continued investment in nuclear power is essential. Nuclear energy provides a consistent and substantial supply of low-carbon energy and, unlike wind and solar, does not suffer from intermittency and can reliably serve as a base load energy source. From the options below, select for Researcher X the statement that Researcher X would most likely disagree with, and select for Researcher Y the statement that Researcher Y would most likely disagree with. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Official Solution: Let's evaluate each statement by examining where each researcher stands on it. Remember, we are looking for one statement that Researcher X would disagree with and one that Researcher Y would disagree with. • The intermittency of renewable energy sources limits their effectiveness as a primary energy source. Researcher X acknowledges the issue by stating: "the intermittent nature of these energy sources—solar power being dependent on sunlight and wind power on wind conditions—means that significant investments must be made..." Researcher Y reinforces this point by saying: "Unlike wind and solar, nuclear power does not suffer from intermittency and can serve as a consistent base load energy source." Therefore, this statement cannot be the correct answer for either researcher. • Nuclear power is a crucial component in reducing global carbon emissions. Researcher X does not mention nuclear power, so we cannot determine whether he would agree or disagree. Researcher Y would agree with this statement. He says: "We must continue to invest in and improve existing nuclear power technologies, which provide a reliable and substantial amount of low-carbon energy." Therefore, this statement cannot be the correct answer for either researcher. • Significant investments in energy storage solutions can mitigate the challenges of renewable energy intermittency. Researcher X would agree with this statement. He says: "significant investments must be made in energy storage solutions and grid infrastructure to make renewable energy a reliable primary source." Researcher Y does not mention energy storage, so we cannot say he would disagree. Therefore, this statement cannot be the correct answer for either researcher. • Renewable energy technologies, even with supporting infrastructure, cannot be relied on as a primary energy source. Researcher X would disagree with this statement. He says: "The development of renewable energy technologies... should be our primary focus..." and adds that "significant investments must be made in energy storage solutions and grid infrastructure to make renewable energy a reliable primary source." This shows he believes renewables can be relied on as a primary energy source if properly supported, which directly contradicts the statement. Researcher Y would agree. He says that renewables are "not sufficient on their own to address the world's energy needs..." and adds that nuclear power "can reliably serve as a base load energy source." This suggests he supports nuclear, not renewables, as the primary dependable energy source. Therefore, this is the correct answer for Researcher X disagrees. • Wind and solar energy, without reliance on other sources, can serve as the core of a stable and scalable national energy supply. Researcher X says: "The development of renewable energy technologies... should be our primary focus..." and adds that supporting infrastructure is needed to make them reliable. He does not explicitly claim they can succeed without any other sources, so he may agree or remain neutral. Researcher Y would disagree with this statement. He says: "they are not sufficient on their own to meet global energy demands or meaningfully address climate change in the short term," and emphasizes that nuclear power "can serve as a consistent base load energy source." This shows he does not believe wind and solar, on their own, can form a stable and scalable supply — he views other sources, like nuclear, as essential. Therefore, this is the correct answer for Researcher Y disagrees. Correct answer: Researcher X "Renewable energy technologies, even with supporting infrastructure, cannot be relied on as a primary energy source." Researcher Y "Wind and solar energy, without reliance on other sources, can serve as the core of a stable and scalable national energy supply."

Researcher X: The development of renewable energy technologies, such a : Two-part Analysis (TPA)

Researcher X: The development of renewable energy technologies, such a

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Researcher X	Researcher Y
		The intermittency of renewable energy sources limits their effectiveness as a primary energy source.
		Nuclear power is a crucial component in reducing global carbon emissions.
		Significant investments in energy storage solutions can mitigate the challenges of renewable energy intermittency.
		Renewable energy technologies, even with supporting infrastructure, cannot be relied on as a primary energy source.
		Wind and solar energy, without reliance on other sources, can serve as the core of a stable and scalable national energy supply.

GMAT Two-part Analysis (TPA) Questions