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05 Jun 2025, 07:47
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
77% (01:58) correct
23%
(02:24)
wrong
based on 86
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Ritalin, prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and testosterone, the chief male hormone and a powerful anabolic steroid, are claimed to be nootropics, drugs that boost cognitive performance. Other chemicals are less familiar. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, better known as NAD+, is vital for cellular metabolism. Not only is it supposedly a nootropic; it allegedly has anti-ageing properties, too.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the claim that NAD+ has anti-ageing properties?
A) Ritalin has been shown to cause significant cardiovascular side effects in some patients.
B) Studies indicate that testosterone levels decline naturally with age, reducing its effectiveness as a cognitive enhancer.
C) The majority of supplements claiming to contain NAD+ actually include only a negligible amount of the chemical.
D) Individuals who report cognitive improvements from NAD+ also report better sleep patterns and less stress.
E) The anti-ageing effects observed in studies involving NAD+ supplementation may be primarily due to improved metabolic function rather than a direct slowing of the ageing process.
A) This choice addresses Ritalin, not NAD+, and speaks to side effects, not anti-ageing properties. It is entirely irrelevant to weakening the claim about NAD+.
B) This discusses testosterone and its decline with age, again not relevant to NAD+. It might be a weakener for testosterone's role but is out of scope here.
C) If supplements contain negligible NAD+, it might challenge whether users experience benefits from NAD+, but it doesn't weaken the inherent claim that NAD+ has anti-ageing properties. The claim might still be true if adequate doses were used.
D) Better sleep and less stress could be confounding factors, potentially strengthening the case for NAD+ by offering mechanisms. It does not weaken the claim.
E) Correct. If the presumed anti-ageing effects are actually due to metabolic improvement (which NAD+ is vital for) rather than direct anti-ageing action, it weakens the specific claim of anti-ageing properties. This suggests that any anti-ageing benefit is indirect or coincidental.
The argument claims that NAD+ has anti-ageing properties. Weakening this requires evidence that undermines this specific claim, such as showing that the observed effects are attributable to another cause (improved metabolism) rather than direct impact on ageing. Other options don't challenge this claim directly or are about different substances.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the claim that NAD+ has anti-ageing properties?
A) Ritalin has been shown to cause significant cardiovascular side effects in some patients.
B) Studies indicate that testosterone levels decline naturally with age, reducing its effectiveness as a cognitive enhancer.
C) The majority of supplements claiming to contain NAD+ actually include only a negligible amount of the chemical.
D) Individuals who report cognitive improvements from NAD+ also report better sleep patterns and less stress.
E) The anti-ageing effects observed in studies involving NAD+ supplementation may be primarily due to improved metabolic function rather than a direct slowing of the ageing process.
Show SpoilerHints
Focus on whether the evidence directly attacks the connection between NAD+ and anti-ageing properties. Consider alternative causes for observed benefits.
Show SpoilerExplanations
A) This choice addresses Ritalin, not NAD+, and speaks to side effects, not anti-ageing properties. It is entirely irrelevant to weakening the claim about NAD+.
B) This discusses testosterone and its decline with age, again not relevant to NAD+. It might be a weakener for testosterone's role but is out of scope here.
C) If supplements contain negligible NAD+, it might challenge whether users experience benefits from NAD+, but it doesn't weaken the inherent claim that NAD+ has anti-ageing properties. The claim might still be true if adequate doses were used.
D) Better sleep and less stress could be confounding factors, potentially strengthening the case for NAD+ by offering mechanisms. It does not weaken the claim.
E) Correct. If the presumed anti-ageing effects are actually due to metabolic improvement (which NAD+ is vital for) rather than direct anti-ageing action, it weakens the specific claim of anti-ageing properties. This suggests that any anti-ageing benefit is indirect or coincidental.
The argument claims that NAD+ has anti-ageing properties. Weakening this requires evidence that undermines this specific claim, such as showing that the observed effects are attributable to another cause (improved metabolism) rather than direct impact on ageing. Other options don't challenge this claim directly or are about different substances.
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10 Jun 2025, 09:06
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Option E, it is the only one that directly addresses and weakens the anti-ageing claim.
Archived Topic
Hi there,
This topic has been closed and archived due to inactivity or violation of community quality standards. No more replies are possible here.
Where to now? Join ongoing discussions on thousands of quality questions in our Critical Reasoning (CR) Forum
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block above for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
Thank you for understanding, and happy exploring!
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