Mining heat from X to prduce Y

"and" --> incorrect here.

See why "and" is inappropriate here
have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and producing energy on a commercial scale
=
succeded for first time in doing X and doing Y.
above sentence is gramatically correct.. but logically doesn't make sense.

it means first time producing energy on commerical scale but that's not intention of author.
..[ energy might be produced on commerical sacle by other methods ...]

first time in doing X from Z to product Y.

I hope it clear.

Between D and E..

D looks better.

I pick D.

Did anyone else think that "to" was critical in the construction of the sentence?

"and" is incorrect here because interior must be followed by a comma, for "and" to be in play.

Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating factories and homes.

Can someone correct me?

Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating factories and homes.

A. and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating - awkward and not parallel
B. and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently and to heat - wrong parallelism
C. for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to heat - awkward
D. to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating - parallel and conveys the meaning
E. to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat - awkward

A. and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating -- heating is not || to generation of electricity -- correct form generating
B. and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently and to heat -- to heat is not || to be generated
efficiently -- correct form to generate
C. for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to heat -- to heat is not || to for generating
correct form to generate
D. to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating -- for heating is || to for generating --right answer
E. to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat -- heat is not || to generation of electicity -- correct form heat || generate

here is parallelism error.The parallel structure is enough for...............and for...........
Only option d follow the parallel structure enough for...............and for...........
Thus D is the correct answer

Hi,

Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating factories and homes

A. and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating
B. and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently and to heat
C. for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to heat
D. to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating
E. to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat



In the above question :

The actual sentence has problem in modifier as enough of minning heat and producing energy does not make sense ,we need something that says energy produced ,which is enough for efficient generation of electricity and heat .

So based on this analysis we have only two choices D,E .

Now in choice D :

something is done to produce energy , and that energy is enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating

I agree that this choice maintains parallelism , but here the modifer efficiently is used only for electricity but not for heat .

Hence I eliminated this choice

In Choice E :

something is done to produce enough energy for efficient generation for electricity and heat

The problem with this sentence is that it changes the meaning by saying something is done to produce enough energy (i.e not energy but enough energy), but the other problem related to modifier in the 2nd part of this sentence -"efficient generation of electricity and heat"-has been rectified .


My question is how to choose between the above 2 choices .

this is a very good || ism question.

I had gone thru one of RON's videos and he had taken this question as an example to explain ||ism.

The main situation here is to get idea what the question means.

1)Scientists ...... have succeeded for the first time......"to" produce energy on a commercial scale

now the question arises for what???????

the idea conveyed following this should be parallel
2)it means that the energy produced will be used "for generating electricity" and" for heating" factories and homes.

So option D is concise and conveys the idea perfectly.


hope it helps.

This is a tricky parallelism question or meaning based question depending on how you look at it.

When you read this sentence you need to break down to understand what did Scientists succeeded for the first time -
I) in mining heat from the Earth’s interior
II) producing energy on a commercial scale

Did they do both of the above noted items for the 1st time? As you re-read you'll note that I and II are not parallel but more of I leads to II - Hence cross of A & B since we don't need an AND between I and II

The later part of sentence need to be looked at whether the phrase captures the effects/results of the earlier statement
III) electricity to be generated efficiently
IV) heating factories

This later part describes the effects of the earlier phrase so it requires ,verbing modifier and III and IV capture the effects so they need to be parallel - Hence cross of C and E

Hence the answer is D

Hope this helps

Even in the original sentence, there are two things being accomplished by energy:

1. Efficient generation of electricity
2. Heating factories and homes

So, D is not changing the meaning of the original sentence.

E has a classical parallelism issue. The right side of and has heat. So, there must be something on the left side of and that is parallel to heat. What is on the left side of and that is parallel to heat? Let’s look at the sentence with choice E:

Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat factories and homes

Well, on the left side, the closest entity parallel to heat is produce!! So, E has the following meaning:

Scientists have succeeded in mining heat from the Earth’s interior to:

1. produce energy for efficient generation of electricity and
2. heat factories and homes

At the very least, the meaning portrayed above is a deviation from the intended meaning, which is:

Scientists have succeeded in mining heat from the Earth’s interior to produce energy enough for:

1. generating electricity efficiently
2. heating factories and homes
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Hi,

Let me write the original sentence again.

• Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in

o mining heat from the Earth’s interior and
o producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for

 efficient generation of electricity and
 heating factories and homes.

In the original sentence, “efficient” is modifying only “generation of electricity”.
This is because it is non sensical to say that mining heat and production of energy provide efficient heating at homes.
Similarly the original sentence only conveys “generation of electricity”.
“heating homes and factories” is not connected to the “generation” part.
So “efficient generation” and “heating” are parallel in this sentence.

The error in this sentence is the representation of “mining” and “producing” as separate independent entities. (As you have mentioned).
Choice D appropriately rectifies this error.

Now let us look at the whole sentence with choice E.

• Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of

o electricity and
o heat
• factories and homes

Can you see that there is a dangling noun at the end without any proper connection?

This is a very obvious error and can be used as a strong reason to eliminate option E, even if you understood the meaning in a different sense.

Hope this helps!

Regards,
Krishna
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Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating factories and homes

This is purely a parallelism play and one needn’t go farther.

A. and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating --- 1. It should be in mining and in producing; 2.it should be ‘generation of and ‘heating of’ to be parallel
B. and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently and to heat--- 1. in mining and producing is wrong as in A. 2.-- for electricity to be generated efficiently and to heat---un//.
C. for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to heat --- --- for generating electricity efficiently and to heat --- un//.

D. to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating --- good--
E. to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat --- for efficient generation of electricity and heat--- un//
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Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating factories and homes.
A. and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating
B. and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently and to heat
C. for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to heat
D. to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating
E. to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat

ans D
We should first concentrate on the intended meaning, it's not the first time energy would be produced on a commercial scale. So we can eliminate A and B.
option C: for generating .... to heat is not parallel
option E: heat factories and homes doesn't sound good
Option D: for generating and for heating parallel and correct

I think D is the right answer.

'have succeeded' is the verb used for main action
As a general rule, all the direct consequences or supporting clauses have -ing modifiers in them.

Correct answer is (D) for the highlighted portions..
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Use of "AND":
And is used to describe two separate, independent clauses. However, "mining heat" and "producing energy" are not independent.
Therefore, we shouldn't use and => A and B are incorrect.
C is incorrect because of a parallelism issue: "for generating electricity" is not parallel to "to heat"
E also is incorrect because of a parallelism issue: "for efficient generation" is not parallel to "heat"

In D, "for generating electricity efficiently" is parallel to "for heating" and "to produce energy on a commercial scale" logically follows "mining heat". Hence D is the correct answer!

GMATNinja , MagooshExpert , GMATGuruNY , VeritasPrepBrian , MartyTargetTestPrep , DmitryFarber , VeritasKarishma , generis , EducationAisle , VeritasPrepErika

to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating

Can someone please tell me what is the structure called the part in boldface above. Where can I learn more about this structure. Thanks in advance.

Answer: D

A. Incorrect. Parallelism and logic issue.

Parallelism issue:
Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and (succeeded in) producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and (efficient generation of) heating factories and homes.

Alternate interpretation:
Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and (succeeded in) producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and (efficient) heating factories and homes.

Logic issue: Realistically, the events aren't mutually exclusive. The scientists could have succeeded at mining heat for the first time and also succeeded at producing electricty on a commercial scale for the first time at the same time, but in reality the logic suggests that they succeeded at one event: mining heat to produce electricity on a commercial scale for the first time.

B. Incorrect. Parallelism and logic issue.
B. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently and (for) to heat factories and homes.

C. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to heat factories and homes.


C illogically states that energy production is what is enough for heating factories and homes when it should be the energy itself.

Preposition paired with an infinitive raises eyebrows also


D. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for heating factories and homes.

D ammends earlier issues


E. Incorrect.
Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat from the Earth’s interior to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and (for) or (generation of) heat factories and homes.
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