Hello Everyone!
Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in
orange:
Scientists claim that the discovery of the first authenticated mammal bones in amber could provide important clues
of determining, in addition to how, when mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies.(A)
of determining, in addition to how, when
mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies(B)
in the determination of how and when
the islands of the West Indies were colonized by mammals(C)
to determine how
mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies and when they did
(D)
for determining when
the islands of the West Indies were colonized by mammals and how they were
(E)
for determining how and when
mammals colonized the islands of the West IndiesAfter a quick glance over the options, there are a couple key differences we can focus on to narrow down our options:
1. of determining / in the determination of / to determine / for determining (Idioms)
2. “mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies” / “the islands of the West Indies were colonized by mammals” (Active vs. Passive Voice)Since #2 on our list is an “either/or” split, let’s start there. No matter which way we go, we’ll eliminate 2-3 options rather quickly. We know that the GMAT always prefers active voice whenever possible, so let’s eliminate any options that use passive voice:
(A) of determining, in addition to how, when
mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies(B) in the determination of how and when
the islands of the West Indies were colonized by mammals(C) to determine how
mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies and when they did
(D) for determining when
the islands of the West Indies were colonized by mammals and how they were
(E) for determining how and when
mammals colonized the islands of the West IndiesWe can eliminate options B & D because they use passive voice, which is not preferable on the GMAT. Now that we have it narrowed down, let’s tackle #1 on our list, which is an idiom issue. Both “for determining” and “to determine” are okay to use, but any other option is not. Let’s eliminate any options that don’t use the idiom correctly:
(A)
of determining, in addition to how, when mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies
(C)
to determine how mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies and when they did
(E)
for determining how and when mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies
We can eliminate option A because “of determining” is not idiomatically correct. Now that we have it narrowed down to 2 options, we need to look at each one more closely for problems:
(C) to determine how mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies and when they didThis is
INCORRECT for a couple reasons. First, this is overly wordy - “how...and when they did” isn’t necessary. Just saying “how and when” covers it. Second, the pronoun “they” isn’t 100% clear or necessary to add in.
(E) for determining how and when mammals colonized the islands of the West IndiesThis is
CORRECT! It’s clear, concise, and uses active voice - all things the GMAT is looking for!
There you have it - option E is our winner!Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.