We can see the conclusion is that "smoking-related illness will not be reduced". Now I will attach a 'because' at the end of the conclusion and check each option.
Option A: Smoking-related illness will not be reduced because
Over half of the nonsmoking adults in Country X have smoked cigarettes in the past. This does not give us a reason to believe that illness is not reducing.
Option B: Smoking-related illness will not be reduced because
If the Country X government's plan is implemented, the brands of cigarettes sold in Country X will differ less from each other than they do now in terms of their nicotine content. It does not matter if the contents differ when we are concerned about illness.
Option C: Smoking-related illness will not be reduced because
Inexpensive, smoke-free sources of nicotine, such as nicotine gum and nicotine skin patches, have recently become available in Country X. This gives more reason to be concerned about why the illness is still not reducing.
Option D: Smoking-related illness will not be reduced because
Many smokers in Country X already spend a large proportion of their disposable income on cigarettes. Does not make sense.
Option E: Smoking-related illness will not be reduced because
The main cause of smoking-related illnesses is not nicotine but the tar in cigarette smoke. Okay, the main reason is the tar which has not been reduced therefore even if people are smoking cigs with less nicotine, the tar is causing them harm. Option E is correct.
AndrewN
Since smoking-related illnesses are a serious health problem in Country X, and since addiction to nicotine prevents many people from quitting smoking, the government of Country X plans to reduce the maximum allowable quantity of nicotine per cigarette by half over the next five years. However, reducing the quantity of nicotine per cigarette will probably cause people addicted to nicotine to smoke more cigarettes. Therefore, implementing this plan is unlikely to reduce the incidence of smoking-related illnesses.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument about the consequences of implementing the Country X government's plan?
(A) Over half of the nonsmoking adults in Country X have smoked cigarettes in the past.
(B) If the Country X government's plan is implemented, the brands of cigarettes sold in Country X will differ less from each other than they do now in terms of their nicotine content.
(C) Inexpensive, smoke-free sources of nicotine, such as nicotine gum and nicotine skin patches, have recently become available in Country X.
(D) Many smokers in Country X already spend a large proportion of their disposable income on cigarettes.
(E) The main cause of smoking-related illnesses is not nicotine but the tar in cigarette smoke.
Attachment:
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Note: an older version of the question with a slightly different passage and answer choices can be found
here.