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Question 1
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
35% (02:41) correct
65%
(02:24) wrong
based on 162
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
77% (00:46) correct 23%
(01:01) wrong
based on 152
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
86% (00:53) correct 14%
(01:15) wrong
based on 140
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Since the composition of most kidney stones is calcium-based, scientists used to assume that high dietary consumption of calcium would cause an increased occurrence of kidney stones. However, in a landmark 1993 study that utilized food consumption questionnaires to measure dietary calcium intake among thousands of adult men over a four-year period, researchers discovered an inverse association between calcium intake and kidney stone occurrence. The researchers hypothesized that this counterintuitive finding may have been related to the presence of oxalate in foods that contain calcium; oxalate and calcium bind to each other, which may facilitate the urinary excretion of both substances without kidney stones forming. A separate 2015 study suggests that these possible benefits of calcium consumption are only present when the ingested calcium is in food. Researchers in that study linked calcium supplements—which lack requisite oxalate to bind to calcium—to both an increased risk of developing larger, painful kidney stones and the quicker formation of small stones as indicated on CT scans.
1. The passage provides information on each of the following EXCEPT
A. the mechanism underlying the formation of kidney stones
B. how the rate of the formation of small kidney stones was determined in the 2015 study
C. how dietary calcium was measured in the 1993 kidney stone study
D. the most common base for kidney stone composition
E. the length of time research was conducted for the 1993 kidney stone study
A. the mechanism underlying the formation of kidney stones
B. how the rate of the formation of small kidney stones was determined in the 2015 study
C. how dietary calcium was measured in the 1993 kidney stone study
D. the most common base for kidney stone composition
E. the length of time research was conducted for the 1993 kidney stone study
2. According to the studies discussed in the passage, the increased intake of dietary calcium in food
I. may increase a person’s chance of kidney stone formation
II. lowers the amount of oxalate a person consumes
III. is associated with a person’s decreased chance of kidney stone formation
A. I Only
B. II Only
C. III Only
D. I and II Only
E. II and III Only
I. may increase a person’s chance of kidney stone formation
II. lowers the amount of oxalate a person consumes
III. is associated with a person’s decreased chance of kidney stone formation
A. I Only
B. II Only
C. III Only
D. I and II Only
E. II and III Only
3. The passage suggests that in conducting the 1993 study, researchers
A. drew a conclusion before knowing the outcome of their scientific research
B. discovered an unexpected result
C. experienced resistance from scientists who advised against high dietary calcium consumption
D. tested how the intake of calcium can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate
E. overstated the effects of calcium in supplements as compared to the effects of calcium in food
A. drew a conclusion before knowing the outcome of their scientific research
B. discovered an unexpected result
C. experienced resistance from scientists who advised against high dietary calcium consumption
D. tested how the intake of calcium can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate
E. overstated the effects of calcium in supplements as compared to the effects of calcium in food
RC Butler 2023 - Practice Two RC Passages Everyday.
Passage # 300 Date: 29 Aug-2023
This question is part of RC Butler 2023. Click here for Details
Passage # 300 Date: 29 Aug-2023
This question is part of RC Butler 2023. Click here for Details
ThatIndianGuy
Posts: 80
31 Aug 2023, 11:20
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Sajjad1994
Solution:
Q1: The passage provides information on each of the following EXCEPT
A. the mechanism underlying the formation of kidney stones : Nowhere in the passage it is given
B. how the rate of the formation of small kidney stones was determined in the 2015 study : Given in last line "CT Scans"
C. how dietary calcium was measured in the 1993 kidney stone study : Given in passage "food consumption questionnaires"
D. the most common base for kidney stone composition : Given in first line "Calcium-based"
E. the length of time research was conducted for the 1993 kidney stone study : Given in passage - "4 years"
So, Choice A
Q2. According to the studies discussed in the passage, the increased intake of dietary calcium in food
I. may increase a person’s chance of kidney stone formation - WRONG. It is opposite
II. lowers the amount of oxalate a person consumes - We don't know if it increases or decreases. Probably, it will increase else the composition of Calcium + Oxalate would be imbalanced
III. is associated with a person’s decreased chance of kidney stone formation - Yes. We can infer this
Q3. The passage suggests that in conducting the 1993 study, researchers
We know that 1993 study was "counterintuitive". That means it gave unexpected results. Option B aligns with this.
A. drew a conclusion before knowing the outcome of their scientific research
B. discovered an unexpected result
C. experienced resistance from scientists who advised against high dietary calcium consumption
D. tested how the intake of calcium can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate
E. overstated the effects of calcium in supplements as compared to the effects of calcium in food
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