Events & Promotions
|
|
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
Track
Your Progress
Practice
Pays
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Nov 1811:00 AM PST
-12:00 PM PST
Join us in a live GMAT practice session and solve 30 challenging GMAT questions with other test takers in timed conditions, covering GMAT Quant, Data Sufficiency, Data Insights, Reading Comprehension, and Critical Reasoning questions.
Nov 2211:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Do RC/MSR passages scare you? e-GMAT is conducting a masterclass to help you learn – Learn effective reading strategies Tackle difficult RC & MSR with confidence Excel in timed test environment- Nov 23
11:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Attend this free GMAT Algebra Webinar and learn how to master the most challenging Inequalities and Absolute Value problems with ease. 
Nov 2510:00 AM EST
-11:00 AM EST
Prefer video-based learning? The Target Test Prep OnDemand course is a one-of-a-kind video masterclass featuring 400 hours of lecture-style teaching by Scott Woodbury-Stewart, founder of Target Test Prep and one of the most accomplished GMAT instructors.
27 Jan 2022, 06:30
Kudos
Bookmarks
Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
55% (03:05) correct
45%
(02:53) wrong
based on 187
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
52% (01:18) correct 48%
(01:22) wrong
based on 186
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
62% (00:58) correct 38%
(00:52) wrong
based on 182
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
40% (01:18) correct 60%
(01:09) wrong
based on 172
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Since the early 1990s, cancer researchers have recognized the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in “chaperoning” peptides and assisting the immune system in its constant e¤ort to recognize and destroy diseased cells. Unlike the many illnesses that take advantage of weakened immune systems, cancerous tumors can “trick” an immune system because their cells are derived from normal cells and thus do not elicit a response. It is the task of researchers, then, to identify and isolate unique cancer cell antigens that are more likely to stimulate immune systems to take action. It turns out that members of the HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 families carry peptides generated within cells; when those HSPs are taken from infected cells, the peptides they carry have similar properties and can spur an immune system into action.
In contrast to the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs, viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory. Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack not only the manufactured cells but also the cancerous cells already present in the body. Both approaches rest on the assumption that each patient’s tumor is unique and that the vaccine must be created specifically to induce an immune system response. While the first method is better established, the second may turn out to be both more cost-e¤ective and easier to use in treating large numbers of patients.
In contrast to the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs, viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory. Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack not only the manufactured cells but also the cancerous cells already present in the body. Both approaches rest on the assumption that each patient’s tumor is unique and that the vaccine must be created specifically to induce an immune system response. While the first method is better established, the second may turn out to be both more cost-e¤ective and easier to use in treating large numbers of patients.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the first type of vaccine described has which of the following drawbacks?
(A) Cells can generate only a limited number of peptides, which limits their ability to stimulate an immune system response.
(B) It is unknown how many di¤erent types of cancers can be prevented with this type of vaccine.
(C) Weakened immune systems are not always able to respond appropriately to the antigen-presenting peptides introduced by vaccines.
(D) It may be more di¢ cult to use in vaccinating large numbers of patients.
(E) HSPs in the HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 families are not always present in the cells of a patient, preventing their usage in cancer vaccines.
(A) Cells can generate only a limited number of peptides, which limits their ability to stimulate an immune system response.
(B) It is unknown how many di¤erent types of cancers can be prevented with this type of vaccine.
(C) Weakened immune systems are not always able to respond appropriately to the antigen-presenting peptides introduced by vaccines.
(D) It may be more di¢ cult to use in vaccinating large numbers of patients.
(E) HSPs in the HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 families are not always present in the cells of a patient, preventing their usage in cancer vaccines.
2. The passage suggests which of the following about the manufactured cells mentioned in the underlined text?
(A) They are introduced into the patient’s body to further weaken the patient’s immune system.
(B) They are identical to cancerous cells already present in the patient’s body.
(C) They rely on HSPs to “chaperone” peptides into a position that will stimulate a response from the patient’s immune system.
(D) They are created in a laboratory specifically for each individual cancer patient receiving a viral vector vaccine.
(E) Their peptides are di¤erent from those created by the patient’s body in that they operate independently of HSPs.
(A) They are introduced into the patient’s body to further weaken the patient’s immune system.
(B) They are identical to cancerous cells already present in the patient’s body.
(C) They rely on HSPs to “chaperone” peptides into a position that will stimulate a response from the patient’s immune system.
(D) They are created in a laboratory specifically for each individual cancer patient receiving a viral vector vaccine.
(E) Their peptides are di¤erent from those created by the patient’s body in that they operate independently of HSPs.
3. Which of the following best describes the overall content of the second paragraph of the passage?
(A) It describes a type of treatment and compares it to another treatment detailed in the first paragraph.
(B) It describes a method of vaccine production and explains how it is inferior to the method presented in the first paragraph.
(C) It o¤ers a potential solution to a problem inherent in vaccine distribution.
(D) It provides further explanation of the mechanics of a vaccine described in the first paragraph.
(E) It describes the similarities between two types of treatments and explains why one is preferable to the other.
(A) It describes a type of treatment and compares it to another treatment detailed in the first paragraph.
(B) It describes a method of vaccine production and explains how it is inferior to the method presented in the first paragraph.
(C) It o¤ers a potential solution to a problem inherent in vaccine distribution.
(D) It provides further explanation of the mechanics of a vaccine described in the first paragraph.
(E) It describes the similarities between two types of treatments and explains why one is preferable to the other.
4. Which of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) It presents two opposing views that will be reconciled in the second paragraph.
(B) It attempts to explain the importance of an approach that is superior to the one presented in the second paragraph.
(C) It describes a method that utilizes a contrasting approach to the method explained in the second paragraph.
(D) It provides details of one approach that has been superseded by the approach described in the second paragraph.
(E) It suggests that a technique has the potential to save lives, something also true of the technique mentioned in the second paragraph.
(A) It presents two opposing views that will be reconciled in the second paragraph.
(B) It attempts to explain the importance of an approach that is superior to the one presented in the second paragraph.
(C) It describes a method that utilizes a contrasting approach to the method explained in the second paragraph.
(D) It provides details of one approach that has been superseded by the approach described in the second paragraph.
(E) It suggests that a technique has the potential to save lives, something also true of the technique mentioned in the second paragraph.
RC Butler 2022 - Practice Two RC Passages Everyday.
Passage # 42 Date: 27-Jan-2022
This question is a part of RC Butler 2022. Click here for Details
Passage # 42 Date: 27-Jan-2022
This question is a part of RC Butler 2022. Click here for Details
31 Jan 2022, 07:09
Kudos
Bookmarks
Paraphrasing:
1. Introduction: Cancer researchers have recognized role of HSPs in
supervising peptides,
assisting immune system and
destroying disease cells.
2. Two type of vaccines - Cancer vaccines vs Vector vaccines - both are contrast to each other
3. Cancer vaccines rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs
Cancerous tumors can “trick” an immune system,
derived from normal cells,
will not response,
researches are challenge to identify and isolate the damage cells.
HSPs families carry peptides generated within cells,
can spur an immune system into action.
Well established vintage method
4. Viral vector vaccines are manufactured in lab, manipulating gene, injected in body to trigger immune system.
Most costly and easier to treat large number of patients
5. Both approaches rest on the assumption
that each patient’s tumor is unique and
that the vaccine must be created specifically to induce an immune system response
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the first type of vaccine described has which of the following drawbacks?
(A) Cells can generate only a limited number of peptides, which limits their ability to stimulate an immune system response.
Wrong: Its correct,
Immune system cells are derived from normal cells and thus do not elicit a response,
but when those HSPs are taken from infected cells, the peptides they carry have similar properties and
can spur an immune system into action rather than limiting the ability to stimulate.
(B) It is unknown how many diserent types of cancers can be prevented with this type of vaccine.
Wrong: Out of scope
(C) Weakened immune systems are not always able to respond appropriately to the antigen-presenting peptides introduced by vaccines.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, para 2,
“the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs”
(D) It may be more difficult to use in vaccinating large numbers of patients.
Correct: Why is it difficult?
Reason: researchers needs to identify and isolate unique cancer cell antigens
that are more likely to stimulate immune systems to take action,
this process makes immune cells quantity generation in limited quantity,
since each patient’s tumor is unique and that the vaccine must be created specifically
to induce an immune system response,
This makes this type of vaccination more established but not common to implement with large number of patients.
(E) HSPs in the HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 families are not always present in the cells of a patient, preventing their usage in cancer vaccines.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“It turns out that members of the HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 families carry peptides generated within cells”
2. The passage suggests which of the following about the manufactured cells mentioned in the underlined text?
(A) They are introduced into the patient’s body to further weaken the patient’s immune system.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, they trigger immune system,
“Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack not only the manufactured cells but also the cancerous cells already present in the body”
(B) They are identical to cancerous cells already present in the patient’s body.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory”
(C) They rely on HSPs to “chaperone” peptides into a position that will stimulate a response from the patient’s immune system.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs”
(D) They are created in a laboratory specifically for each individual cancer patient receiving a viral vector vaccine.
Correct: as mentioned in the passage,
“Viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory.
Such a vaccine involves
manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and
injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack
not only the manufactured cells
but also the cancerous cells already present in the body.”
(E) Their peptides are different from those created by the patient’s body in that they operate independently of HSPs.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor”
3. Which of the following best describes the overall content of the second paragraph of the passage?
(A) It describes a type of treatment and compares it to another treatment detailed in the first paragraph.
Correct: in line with the passage.
(B) It describes a method of vaccine production and
explains how it is inferior to the method presented in the first paragraph.
Wrong: It only mentions, viral vaccination is manufactured in the passage, not detailed structure about, how is it manufactured? And how it is inferior to the method mentioned in para 1.
(C) It offers a potential solution to a problem inherent in vaccine distribution.
Wrong: Distribution is out of scope
(D) It provides further explanation of the mechanics of a vaccine described in the first paragraph.
Wrong: It provides different vaccination procedure
(E) It describes the similarities between two types of treatments and
explains why one is preferable to the other.
Wrong: Both are different type of treatments and does not explain, the reason,
why one is preferable to the other.
4. Which of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) It presents two opposing views that will be reconciled in the second paragraph.
Wrong: There are no opposing views
(B) It attempts to explain the importance of an approach that is superior to the one presented in the second paragraph.
Wrong: Para 1 is opposite of Para 2, while showing superior to each other.
(C) It describes
a method that utilizes a contrasting approach to
the method explained in the second paragraph
Correct: 1st approach is different to 2nd approach
(D) It provides details of
one approach that has been superseded by
the approach described in the second paragraph.
Wrong: There are two different type of approach, none has been superseded by each other.
(E) It suggests that a technique has the potential to save lives,
something also true of the technique mentioned in the second paragraph.
Wrong: Out of scope
1. Introduction: Cancer researchers have recognized role of HSPs in
supervising peptides,
assisting immune system and
destroying disease cells.
2. Two type of vaccines - Cancer vaccines vs Vector vaccines - both are contrast to each other
3. Cancer vaccines rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs
Cancerous tumors can “trick” an immune system,
derived from normal cells,
will not response,
researches are challenge to identify and isolate the damage cells.
HSPs families carry peptides generated within cells,
can spur an immune system into action.
Well established vintage method
4. Viral vector vaccines are manufactured in lab, manipulating gene, injected in body to trigger immune system.
Most costly and easier to treat large number of patients
5. Both approaches rest on the assumption
that each patient’s tumor is unique and
that the vaccine must be created specifically to induce an immune system response
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the first type of vaccine described has which of the following drawbacks?
(A) Cells can generate only a limited number of peptides, which limits their ability to stimulate an immune system response.
Wrong: Its correct,
Immune system cells are derived from normal cells and thus do not elicit a response,
but when those HSPs are taken from infected cells, the peptides they carry have similar properties and
can spur an immune system into action rather than limiting the ability to stimulate.
(B) It is unknown how many diserent types of cancers can be prevented with this type of vaccine.
Wrong: Out of scope
(C) Weakened immune systems are not always able to respond appropriately to the antigen-presenting peptides introduced by vaccines.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, para 2,
“the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs”
(D) It may be more difficult to use in vaccinating large numbers of patients.
Correct: Why is it difficult?
Reason: researchers needs to identify and isolate unique cancer cell antigens
that are more likely to stimulate immune systems to take action,
this process makes immune cells quantity generation in limited quantity,
since each patient’s tumor is unique and that the vaccine must be created specifically
to induce an immune system response,
This makes this type of vaccination more established but not common to implement with large number of patients.
(E) HSPs in the HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 families are not always present in the cells of a patient, preventing their usage in cancer vaccines.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“It turns out that members of the HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 families carry peptides generated within cells”
2. The passage suggests which of the following about the manufactured cells mentioned in the underlined text?
(A) They are introduced into the patient’s body to further weaken the patient’s immune system.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage, they trigger immune system,
“Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack not only the manufactured cells but also the cancerous cells already present in the body”
(B) They are identical to cancerous cells already present in the patient’s body.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory”
(C) They rely on HSPs to “chaperone” peptides into a position that will stimulate a response from the patient’s immune system.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs”
(D) They are created in a laboratory specifically for each individual cancer patient receiving a viral vector vaccine.
Correct: as mentioned in the passage,
“Viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory.
Such a vaccine involves
manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and
injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack
not only the manufactured cells
but also the cancerous cells already present in the body.”
(E) Their peptides are different from those created by the patient’s body in that they operate independently of HSPs.
Wrong: as mentioned in the passage,
“Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor”
3. Which of the following best describes the overall content of the second paragraph of the passage?
(A) It describes a type of treatment and compares it to another treatment detailed in the first paragraph.
Correct: in line with the passage.
(B) It describes a method of vaccine production and
explains how it is inferior to the method presented in the first paragraph.
Wrong: It only mentions, viral vaccination is manufactured in the passage, not detailed structure about, how is it manufactured? And how it is inferior to the method mentioned in para 1.
(C) It offers a potential solution to a problem inherent in vaccine distribution.
Wrong: Distribution is out of scope
(D) It provides further explanation of the mechanics of a vaccine described in the first paragraph.
Wrong: It provides different vaccination procedure
(E) It describes the similarities between two types of treatments and
explains why one is preferable to the other.
Wrong: Both are different type of treatments and does not explain, the reason,
why one is preferable to the other.
4. Which of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) It presents two opposing views that will be reconciled in the second paragraph.
Wrong: There are no opposing views
(B) It attempts to explain the importance of an approach that is superior to the one presented in the second paragraph.
Wrong: Para 1 is opposite of Para 2, while showing superior to each other.
(C) It describes
a method that utilizes a contrasting approach to
the method explained in the second paragraph
Correct: 1st approach is different to 2nd approach
(D) It provides details of
one approach that has been superseded by
the approach described in the second paragraph.
Wrong: There are two different type of approach, none has been superseded by each other.
(E) It suggests that a technique has the potential to save lives,
something also true of the technique mentioned in the second paragraph.
Wrong: Out of scope
19 Oct 2022, 20:21
Kudos
Bookmarks
Got question 2 wrong because of the trick answer.
2. The passage suggests which of the following about the manufactured cells mentioned in the underlined text?
A, C & E are easily eliminated.
(A) They are introduced into the patient’s body to further weaken the patient’s immune system.
(B) They are identical to cancerous cells already present in the patient’s body. => "Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack not only the manufactured cells but also the cancerous cells already present in the body." => "similar" & "identical" don't have the same meaning. "Identical" requires something to be 100% the same, but "similar" is not.
(C) They rely on HSPs to “chaperone” peptides into a position that will stimulate a response from the patient’s immune system.
(D) They are created in a laboratory specifically for each individual cancer patient receiving a viral vector vaccine. => "In contrast to the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs, viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory."
(E) Their peptides are di¤erent from those created by the patient’s body in that they operate independently of HSPs.
2. The passage suggests which of the following about the manufactured cells mentioned in the underlined text?
A, C & E are easily eliminated.
(A) They are introduced into the patient’s body to further weaken the patient’s immune system.
(B) They are identical to cancerous cells already present in the patient’s body. => "Such a vaccine involves manipulating a gene similar to the targeted tumor and injecting it into the patient in an attempt to trigger the immune system to attack not only the manufactured cells but also the cancerous cells already present in the body." => "similar" & "identical" don't have the same meaning. "Identical" requires something to be 100% the same, but "similar" is not.
(C) They rely on HSPs to “chaperone” peptides into a position that will stimulate a response from the patient’s immune system.
(D) They are created in a laboratory specifically for each individual cancer patient receiving a viral vector vaccine. => "In contrast to the cancer vaccines that rely on antigen-presenting peptides in HSPs, viral vector vaccines are manufactured in the laboratory."
(E) Their peptides are di¤erent from those created by the patient’s body in that they operate independently of HSPs.
