OFFICIAL EXPLANATIONgeneris wrote:
Project SC Butler: Day 147: Sentence Correction (SC2)
Some people contend that the distinction between an extreme sport and a conventional one has as much to do with marketing as
with the level of danger involved or how much adrenaline is generated.
A) with the level of danger involved or
how much adrenaline is generatedB) with the level of danger
that is involved or the
adrenaline amount it generatesC) with the level of danger involved or the amount of adrenaline generated
D)
to the danger level involved or the amount of adrenaline
being generated
E)
to the level of danger involved or the amount of adrenaline
it generatesIn this question, we deal with
two types of parallelism at the same time.
I would start with the easier one, which is a 4-1 split.
• Split #1: ___ OR ____ must be parallelFor this type of parallelism in which we are focused on the last part of the sentence, it may be easier to strip the sentence.
The stripped sentence:The distinction between ABC and DEF has as much to do with marketing as with
the level of danger involved OR how much adrenaline is generated (?).Whatever is on each side of OR must be parallel.
-- Option A:
the level of danger involved or how much adrenaline is generatedOption A incorrectly has a noun on the left side of OR (
level) and a pronoun on the right side (
how).
The left side of OR is a noun phrase. The right side is a substantive clause,* which acts as a noun but is not identical to a simple noun phrase.
If you want to be conservative, hold this one and compare to C.
-- Option B is a hot mess:
level of danger that is involved or
the adrenaline amount it generates
Option B does contain two nouns, l
evel of danger and
adrenaline amount. They're not structured similarly.
The better phrase is
amount of adrenaline. Option B incorrectly pairs a past participle,
involved, and a present tense verb,
generatesOption B uses
that is with one element and not with the other.
That is is unnecessary and cumbersome. The other four answers are better without the phrase.
In option B, what is the antecedent for the pronoun IT? (There is none.)
-- Option D:
danger level involved or the amount of adrenaline being generatedThe phrase
level of danger would be better.
Option D needlessly includes
being.
Compare to (C):
amount of adrenaline generated is better.
-- Option E:
the level of danger involved or the amount of adrenaline it generatesAgain, we have a case of The Missing Antecedent. The pronoun
it cannot refer to one of the two sports.
The word IT refers to the amount of adrenaline that
A sport generates, but we have two.
Eliminate B, D, and E. Compare A to C. (Compare any of the answers to C.) Option C wins.
The constructions on each side of OR are parallel.
(C):
the level of danger involved or the amount of adrenaline generated[noun + preposition + object + past participle adjective] OR [noun + preposition + object + past participle adjective]
The answer is C.Split #2: Parallelism - WITH --
As much as is a parallelism marker. In parallel structures, many words can be omitted from the second part.
Most of the time, though, prepositions are not omitted from parallel structures. The word WITH needs to be repeatedDo not get distracted by the word TO, which is part of the infinitive
to do.
The preposition
to is different. I will compare
with and
to.
-- The prompt, stripped a little:
... the distinction ... has as much to do WITH marketing as WITH the level of danger involved or how much adrenaline is generated.The distinction . . . has as much to do WITH X as [it has to do] WITH Y.Now compare to D, which does not repeat WITH
. . . the distinction . . . has as much to do
with marketing as
TO the danger level involved or the amount of adrenaline being generatedThe distinction . . . has as much to do with X as [it has to do] TO Y. Ouch.
We need to repeat
with.Eliminate options D and E.
Then analyze the constructions on each side of OR in options A, B, and C.
The parallelism in C is superior.
The answer is C.COMMENTS harsha3699 , welcome to SC Butler.
The preposition TO and the TO in the infinitive TO DO are not the same.
This issue can be really hard, but if you strip the sentence and put TO in, as I did above, using TO makes no sense.
I understand that this question is hard to explain.
The question is also important. GMAC, for example, typically does not omit the preposition in similar sentences.
On a different note, when you see the word
to, notice what follows it.
If a
direct object follows (he went TO the
STORE), then you have a "regular" preposition.
If a verb follows the word
to, then you have a TO that can be split and paired
only with other bare infinitive verbs.
When in doubt, strip and condense the words as much as you can. Insert "to":
As much with X as TO Y? To give people a way to separate these two kinds of the word "to,"
I call the first kind of
to a
preposition and the second kind of
to an
infinitive marker. (They are both prepositions. The second term is just to help distinguish between them.)
I couldn't decide what to do about kudos on this one. I've decided.
Correct answers with good explanations get kudos.
Correct answers with not clear explanations get a smiley face.
Incorrect answers get a smiley face.
For most of you: good effort.
**The whole clause, how much adrenaline is generated is a direct object of the preposition with.
For more on substantive clauses, see the post HERE.