Some primate researchers have hypothesized that the

First, if the verb yawns is actioned by a singular subject, then it must be the proportion.
It looks very funny that a proportion can yawn. So logically the verb should be actioned by the chimpanzees, in which case the SV agreement is in shambles, in addition to flouting the touch rule of the restrictive pronoun that. The same problem arises with E.

Choice to Choice:
A. Chimpanzees who do? Are Chimpanzees human beings to be pronouned whom?

B. Exceed should be definitely exceeds because that is the action of the proportion which is singular.
Coerced those who -- same problem as in A. In addition, the comparison changes from proportion – proportion to proportion to chimpanzees

D- That does that. A demonstrative pronoun cannot stand alone like this
E. Chimpanzees that does? How do you take it, merrily ignoring the touch rule

IMO, no answer seems to be right. Now what is Kaplan’s defense of OA?

Here is the official explaination:

Scanning the answer choices, we immediately see "exceed" versus "exceeds". The subject here is "proportion" which is singular, so the verb should be "exceeds". Therefore we eliminate (A) and (B). (A) has the additional problem of using "who" to refer to animals. Generally, "that" is preferred to "who" when referring to animals. This leaves us with (C), (D) and (E).

(C) contains a parallelism problem: It compares "the proportion of . . ." with "those (chimpanzees)". For the sake of parallelism, it should compare either chimpanzees with chimpanzees, or the proportion with the proportion. So we eliminate (C).

(D) contains the unidiomatic "that does that", so (D) is incorrect. The GMAT prefers "does so" (or "do so") to "does that" (or "do that").

(E) correctly tackles four issues: (i) It uses the singular verb form "exceeds"; (ii) it compares "the proportion" with "the proportion"; (iii) it uses "that", not "who", to refer to chimpanzees; and (iv) it properly uses "does so" as opposed to "does that". Therefore (E) is correct.

I'm finding that the Kaplan Hard SC's are very tricky indeed!
I chose E on this one primarily because:
1. We need "exceeds" and not "exceed"
2. In the second half, "that does so" seemed to best fit "the proportion" when I scanned the answer choices.

From my understanding, in the second half, 'of chimpanzees..." is a prepositional phrase and "does so" rightly refers to the proportion. Is this reasoning correct or what am I not seeing here?

This question is crap.... Kaplan should be sued on this question that is misguiding students

While doing this question, I couldn't help but laugh at how proportions could possibly yawn. However, I put it aside thinking that it was some grammar rule that I was unfamiliar with.

Or perhaps, 'that' can possibly refer to prepositional phrases?
If not, then perhaps logic trumps pronoun proximity?

Any thoughts?

Good solution... IMO E as well...

OK, I am confused. There's a rule in GMAT Grammar Book: "If the object of the preposition is singular, use a singular verb. If the object of the preposition is plural, use a plural verb."

A high percentage of the population is educated.
A high percentage of the people are happy.
The majority of Congress has voted for the bill.
The majority of Senators have voted favorably.

Under this rule the correct version would be "the proportion of chimpanzees .. exceed" however the correct answer is "exceeds". Could anybody please clarify this concept?

@ librrra -

The correct answer is E, which uses 'exceeds' and not 'exceed.

E.exceeds the proportion of non-empathetically-inclined chimpanzees that does so

Gmatdog, my brain is mush, I meant to say "the proportion of chimpanzees exceed", not the other way around (just edited my post)! Chimpanzees are a group, not a single entity hence we should use the plural form: exceed.

I guess my question is if there is a specific list of words that are "number transparent"?

Two-thirds of the work is complete.
Two-thirds of the workers are angry.

Half of the dresses are dirty.
Half of the sugar is gone.

Is "proportion" one of those words?

Strike 1: s-v agreement - proportion singular => exceeds a,b,c out
Strike 2: helping verbs - does that (thing) vs does so (clarifies the action imitation)

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Can somebody elaborate whether "proportion" is singular or plural?

So far I know the following: With fractions, percentages and indefinite quantifiers (e.g., all, few, many, much, some), the verb agrees with the preceding noun or clause.
e.g. One-third of this article is taken up with statistical analysis. BUT One-third of the students have graduate degrees.

Why "the proportion of monkeys" should be singular?
Thanks

Librrra -> when we refer to collective nouns as a whole, i.e., if we want to represent totality as a whole, we use singular verbs, but when we want to show, individuality in the total, we use plural verbs.

eg. - the jury has given the verdict. (singular)
the jury were divided in their opinion. (plural)

here the 'proportion of chimpanzee' is represented as a whole, so we use singular verb.

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