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Updated on: 26 Oct 2023, 08:10
Originally posted by Sajjad1994 on 02 Feb 2021, 23:30.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 26 Oct 2023, 08:10, edited 2 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 26 Oct 2023, 08:10, edited 2 times in total.
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Statement by Medical Residency Association president:
Medical residents play an invaluable role in delivering medical care to the citizens of our community, providing round-the-clock coverage and support to both physician and nursing staff while working to earn our medical licenses. Residents are responsible for all of the licensed physician tasks, including intake, the ordering of tests and labs, diagnosis, and treatment, including surgery. Nevertheless, we are taken advantage of terribly by the hospitals: assigned to 24-hour shifts, often undermined or treated poorly by senior doctors, sometimes when patients are present, and paid well below minimum wage. We are paid a fixed salary and it is assumed that we work only one-third of the hours in our assigned shifts; technically, we are considered merely “on call” during these shifts. We are required to be on the hospital grounds at all times, however, and we work far more than the assumed number of hours per shift. Over the past month, each resident has averaged 17.5 active hours of work during a 24-hour shift; further, while working, each resident has averaged only 3.5 hours of sleep at a time. Such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff.
Medical residents play an invaluable role in delivering medical care to the citizens of our community, providing round-the-clock coverage and support to both physician and nursing staff while working to earn our medical licenses. Residents are responsible for all of the licensed physician tasks, including intake, the ordering of tests and labs, diagnosis, and treatment, including surgery. Nevertheless, we are taken advantage of terribly by the hospitals: assigned to 24-hour shifts, often undermined or treated poorly by senior doctors, sometimes when patients are present, and paid well below minimum wage. We are paid a fixed salary and it is assumed that we work only one-third of the hours in our assigned shifts; technically, we are considered merely “on call” during these shifts. We are required to be on the hospital grounds at all times, however, and we work far more than the assumed number of hours per shift. Over the past month, each resident has averaged 17.5 active hours of work during a 24-hour shift; further, while working, each resident has averaged only 3.5 hours of sleep at a time. Such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff.
The degree to which medical residents’ errors pose a danger of lasting patient harm.: No
Whether it is possible for medical residents to work more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift.: Yes
The degree to which a resident is as qualified as a licensed physician.: No
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
37% (03:23) correct
63%
(03:12)
wrong
based on 760
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
1. For each of the following statements, select Yes if it can be inferred that the Medical Residency Association president and the Hospital Board spokesperson both agree with the statement. Otherwise, select No.
| Yes | No | |
| The degree to which medical residents’ errors pose a danger of lasting patient harm. | ||
| Whether it is possible for medical residents to work more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. | ||
| The degree to which a resident is as qualified as a licensed physician. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
The degree to which medical residents’ errors pose a danger of lasting patient harm.: No
Whether it is possible for medical residents to work more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift.: Yes
The degree to which a resident is as qualified as a licensed physician.: No
Medical residents should not be allowed to work for more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift.: No
A hospital should ensure that medical resident errors are minimized or prevented entirely.: Yes
Medical residents should not be undermined or treated poorly by licensed physicians when patients are present.: No
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
52% (01:15) correct
48%
(01:14)
wrong
based on 681
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
2. For each of the following statements, select Yes if, based on the information provided, both the Residency Association and the Hospital Board would likely accept that the statement is true. Otherwise, select No to indicate that it cannot be inferred that both individuals would likely accept the statement as true.
| Yes | No | |
| Medical residents should not be allowed to work for more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. | ||
| A hospital should ensure that medical resident errors are minimized or prevented entirely. | ||
| Medical residents should not be undermined or treated poorly by licensed physicians when patients are present. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
Medical residents should not be allowed to work for more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift.: No
A hospital should ensure that medical resident errors are minimized or prevented entirely.: Yes
Medical residents should not be undermined or treated poorly by licensed physicians when patients are present.: No
$7.13
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
75% (02:01) correct
25%
(02:23)
wrong
based on 517
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
3. If residents are paid $105 per 24-hour shift, what is the difference, rounded to the nearest hundredth of a dollar, between the hourly wage based upon the assumed number of hours worked per 24-hour shift and the hourly wage based upon the actual average number of hours worked per 24-hour shift?
| $6.00 | |
| $6.49 | |
| $6.79 | |
| $7.00 | |
| $7.13 |
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Question # 68, Date : 03-Feb-2021
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Question # 68, Date : 03-Feb-2021
This question is a part of IR Butler 2021. Click here for Details
04 Feb 2023, 01:35
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1.
Statement 1: No. In the last sentence of the Residency Association statement, the president says:
“Such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents; some serious mistakes have already been made and were caught only at the last minute by senior staff.”
The residency president, then, believes that the situation is dangerous and that there is at least the possibility of serious consequences from mistakes made by residents.
In the last sentence of the Hospital Board statement, the spokesperson says
“…there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors [made by residents].”
The spokesperson, then, believes that there is an oversight system in place that will correct any potential errors—in other words, that there is no danger of lasting harm due to a resident’s mistake. Thus, the spokesperson and the president disagree.
Statement 2: Yes. The Residency Association president explicitly states that residents have averaged 17.5 hours during the past month, so the president does believe that residents are working more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. The Hospital Board spokesperson says that residents are not expected to work 24 hours in a 24-hour shift, nor anywhere close to that but also that if a resident chooses to participate in many routine activities that can ably be handled by the nursing or medical staff, that is the resident’s choice. In other words, the spokesperson is acknowledging that it is possible for a resident to work more than 8 hours in a shift—if he or she chooses to do so. The two parties, then, both agree that it is possible for residents to work longer than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift.
Statement 3: No. The Hospital Board spokesperson states clearly that until someone has finished the residency, he or she is not, and cannot reasonably be considered, a licensed physician. The spokesperson, then, believes that residents are not as qualified as licensed physicians.
The Residency Association president states that residents are responsible for all of the licensed physician tasks, including intake, the ordering of tests and labs, diagnosis and treatment, including surgery (emphasis added). This could be taken as evidence that the residency president believes residents are as qualified as licensed physicians. Alternatively, it may be interpreted as not providing any opinion as to whether residents are as qualified. Either way, this is not the same as the spokesperson’s opinion that residents are not as qualified as licensed physicians.
2.
Statement 1: No. The Residency Association president indicates that the residents are assumed to work 1/3 of the 24-hour shift, or 8 hours, but the president does not claim that residents should not work more than that amount. They claim only that they work too much. It can be inferred that they think they should work less than 17.5 hours, but it is unclear what they think of an 8-hour cutoff. Likewise, the Hospital Board never indicates a specific time beyond which residents should not be able to work.
Statement 2: Yes. As part of their argument, the residents complain that their working conditions are dangerous and that, as a result, serious mistakes have been made. It can be inferred, then, that the residents believe that the hospital is responsible for setting reasonable working hours in order to minimize or prevent errors made by residents (among other goals). The Hospital Board indicates that
“…when a resident is called upon to make a diagnosis or perform a minor procedure, there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors.”
The board, then, also believes that the hospital is responsible for minimizing or preventing errors made by medical residents.
Statement 3: No. The residents state that they are taken advantage of terribly and complain that they are undermined or treated poorly by senior doctors—sometimes when patients are present. The residents, then, agree with this statement.
You might surmise that any ethical hospital board also would not want doctors to treat medical residents poorly when patients are present (or at any time!), but the Hospital Board’s statement never addresses this aspect of the resident’s complaint. Therefore, nothing can be inferred regarding the board's position on this issue.
3.
According to the first tab, the association president states that residents are assumed to work one-third of the hours in our assigned shifts. If the shift is 24 hours long, then, a resident is assumed to work for one-third of that time, or 8 hours. In that case, the hourly wage would be $105 / 8 hours = $13.125. Rounded to the hundredths digit, this is $13.13.
The resident indicates that the average time worked over the past month was actually 17.5 hours in a 24-hour shift. The hourly wage in this case would be $105 / 17.5 hours = $6.00.
The difference between the two is $13.13 - $6.00 = $7.13.
The correct answer is (E).
Statement 1: No. In the last sentence of the Residency Association statement, the president says:
“Such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents; some serious mistakes have already been made and were caught only at the last minute by senior staff.”
The residency president, then, believes that the situation is dangerous and that there is at least the possibility of serious consequences from mistakes made by residents.
In the last sentence of the Hospital Board statement, the spokesperson says
“…there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors [made by residents].”
The spokesperson, then, believes that there is an oversight system in place that will correct any potential errors—in other words, that there is no danger of lasting harm due to a resident’s mistake. Thus, the spokesperson and the president disagree.
Statement 2: Yes. The Residency Association president explicitly states that residents have averaged 17.5 hours during the past month, so the president does believe that residents are working more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. The Hospital Board spokesperson says that residents are not expected to work 24 hours in a 24-hour shift, nor anywhere close to that but also that if a resident chooses to participate in many routine activities that can ably be handled by the nursing or medical staff, that is the resident’s choice. In other words, the spokesperson is acknowledging that it is possible for a resident to work more than 8 hours in a shift—if he or she chooses to do so. The two parties, then, both agree that it is possible for residents to work longer than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift.
Statement 3: No. The Hospital Board spokesperson states clearly that until someone has finished the residency, he or she is not, and cannot reasonably be considered, a licensed physician. The spokesperson, then, believes that residents are not as qualified as licensed physicians.
The Residency Association president states that residents are responsible for all of the licensed physician tasks, including intake, the ordering of tests and labs, diagnosis and treatment, including surgery (emphasis added). This could be taken as evidence that the residency president believes residents are as qualified as licensed physicians. Alternatively, it may be interpreted as not providing any opinion as to whether residents are as qualified. Either way, this is not the same as the spokesperson’s opinion that residents are not as qualified as licensed physicians.
2.
Statement 1: No. The Residency Association president indicates that the residents are assumed to work 1/3 of the 24-hour shift, or 8 hours, but the president does not claim that residents should not work more than that amount. They claim only that they work too much. It can be inferred that they think they should work less than 17.5 hours, but it is unclear what they think of an 8-hour cutoff. Likewise, the Hospital Board never indicates a specific time beyond which residents should not be able to work.
Statement 2: Yes. As part of their argument, the residents complain that their working conditions are dangerous and that, as a result, serious mistakes have been made. It can be inferred, then, that the residents believe that the hospital is responsible for setting reasonable working hours in order to minimize or prevent errors made by residents (among other goals). The Hospital Board indicates that
“…when a resident is called upon to make a diagnosis or perform a minor procedure, there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors.”
The board, then, also believes that the hospital is responsible for minimizing or preventing errors made by medical residents.
Statement 3: No. The residents state that they are taken advantage of terribly and complain that they are undermined or treated poorly by senior doctors—sometimes when patients are present. The residents, then, agree with this statement.
You might surmise that any ethical hospital board also would not want doctors to treat medical residents poorly when patients are present (or at any time!), but the Hospital Board’s statement never addresses this aspect of the resident’s complaint. Therefore, nothing can be inferred regarding the board's position on this issue.
3.
According to the first tab, the association president states that residents are assumed to work one-third of the hours in our assigned shifts. If the shift is 24 hours long, then, a resident is assumed to work for one-third of that time, or 8 hours. In that case, the hourly wage would be $105 / 8 hours = $13.125. Rounded to the hundredths digit, this is $13.13.
The resident indicates that the average time worked over the past month was actually 17.5 hours in a 24-hour shift. The hourly wage in this case would be $105 / 17.5 hours = $6.00.
The difference between the two is $13.13 - $6.00 = $7.13.
The correct answer is (E).
General Discussion
25 Nov 2024, 19:02
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1.
- The degree to which medical residents’ errors pose a danger of lasting patient harm. The Residents Association says that it can be very dangerous: "such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff." On the other hand, the Hospital Board says that it's all under control: "there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors." These two perspectives are opposite from one another, so the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- Whether it is possible for medical residents to work more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. Both sides do say that it's possible or an average is that way: "over the past month, each resident has averaged 17.5 active hours of work during a 24-hour shift" and "if a resident chooses to participate in many routine activities that can ably be handled by the nursing or medical staff, that is the resident’s choice." So, the statement can be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- The degree to which a resident is as qualified as a licensed physician. The Residents Association says throughout the statement that medical residents do many similar tasks and are just as qualified, however, they haven't received their license: "medical residents play an invaluable role in delivering medical care to the citizens of our community, providing round-the-clock coverage and support to both physician and nursing staff while working to earn our medical licenses." On the other hand, the Hospital Board says that it is more than just a license: "medical residencies are a part of the training process to become a physician; until someone has finished the residency, he or she is not, and cannot reasonably be considered, a licensed physician." These two perspectives are opposite from one another, so the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
2.
- Medical residents should not be allowed to work for more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. The Residents Association says: "such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff." On the other hand, the Hospital Board says: "if a resident chooses to participate in many routine activities that can ably be handled by the nursing or medical staff, that is the resident’s choice." These two perspectives are opposite from one another, so the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- A hospital should ensure that medical resident errors are minimized or prevented entirely. Both sides do say that they want to minimize the errors: "such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff" and "when a resident is called upon to make a diagnosis or perform a minor procedure, there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors." So, the statement can be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- Medical residents should not be undermined or treated poorly by licensed physicians when patients are present. The Hospital Board does not mention this topic anywhere. So, the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
3. "It is assumed that we work only one-third of the hours in our assigned shifts", so the hourly wage based on assumed hours would be \(\frac{105}{8} =\) $13.125. "Over the past month, each resident has averaged 17.5 active hours of work during a 24-hour shift", so the hourly wage based on the actual number of hours would be \(\frac{105}{17.5} =\) $6. That means the difference would be $13.125 - $6 = $7.125, which is around $7.13.
- The degree to which medical residents’ errors pose a danger of lasting patient harm. The Residents Association says that it can be very dangerous: "such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff." On the other hand, the Hospital Board says that it's all under control: "there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors." These two perspectives are opposite from one another, so the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- Whether it is possible for medical residents to work more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. Both sides do say that it's possible or an average is that way: "over the past month, each resident has averaged 17.5 active hours of work during a 24-hour shift" and "if a resident chooses to participate in many routine activities that can ably be handled by the nursing or medical staff, that is the resident’s choice." So, the statement can be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- The degree to which a resident is as qualified as a licensed physician. The Residents Association says throughout the statement that medical residents do many similar tasks and are just as qualified, however, they haven't received their license: "medical residents play an invaluable role in delivering medical care to the citizens of our community, providing round-the-clock coverage and support to both physician and nursing staff while working to earn our medical licenses." On the other hand, the Hospital Board says that it is more than just a license: "medical residencies are a part of the training process to become a physician; until someone has finished the residency, he or she is not, and cannot reasonably be considered, a licensed physician." These two perspectives are opposite from one another, so the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
2.
- Medical residents should not be allowed to work for more than 8 hours during a 24-hour shift. The Residents Association says: "such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff." On the other hand, the Hospital Board says: "if a resident chooses to participate in many routine activities that can ably be handled by the nursing or medical staff, that is the resident’s choice." These two perspectives are opposite from one another, so the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- A hospital should ensure that medical resident errors are minimized or prevented entirely. Both sides do say that they want to minimize the errors: "such working conditions are dangerous for both patients and residents and have resulted in some serious mistakes that were caught only at the last minute by senior staff" and "when a resident is called upon to make a diagnosis or perform a minor procedure, there is always an experienced physician on hand to verify the diagnosis, take over the procedure, or otherwise correct any potential errors." So, the statement can be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
- Medical residents should not be undermined or treated poorly by licensed physicians when patients are present. The Hospital Board does not mention this topic anywhere. So, the statement cannot be inferred to be agreed on by both sides.
3. "It is assumed that we work only one-third of the hours in our assigned shifts", so the hourly wage based on assumed hours would be \(\frac{105}{8} =\) $13.125. "Over the past month, each resident has averaged 17.5 active hours of work during a 24-hour shift", so the hourly wage based on the actual number of hours would be \(\frac{105}{17.5} =\) $6. That means the difference would be $13.125 - $6 = $7.125, which is around $7.13.
