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Verbal Question-Type II: Critical Reasoning
Critical Reasoning type questions ask you to comprehend and analyze a text-based logical argument. You need to identify: an argument’ conclusion, evidence used to arrive at the conclusion, an assumption made by the author, an addition to the argument that would either strengthen it or weaken it, or even an additional statement that can be inferred from the argument. Questions will have a fair amount of tough vocabulary as the level of English is advanced. Whether it is the opening text, or the given task or even the answer choices, you should expect the advanced level of vocabulary in these question-types. The right answer is the once that best satisfies the task asked in the question. Consider Critical Reasoning question as the verbal parallel to Data Sufficiency questions. Both test your thinking and decision-making.
Some advisors to the American President urge that next year’s Federal budget include sizeable provisions for foreign aid to the Asian countries worst hit by the economic crisis. A number of American senators, however, have vowed to vote down this measure saying a large influx of American funds will only encourage a rebirth of the corruption between Asian governments and big business that was, according to many economists, a primary cause of the crisis in these countries.
Which of the following most weakens the senators’ argument?
A.The aid will economically and politically strengthen those worst hit by the crisis, labourers and the emerging middle classes, who are uniformly opposed to corruption between government and big business.
B.Some economists believe that corruption was but one of many causes of the Asian economic crisis.
C.Many international organizations have claimed there is an alarming risk of famine and political instability in the worst hit countries
D.Much of the foreign aid sent to these countries in the 1970’s was secretly funneled to corporations with close personal ties to the government to support large-scale business development.
E.The current high value of the dollar compared to the crisis countries’ currencies will increase the relative value of American-provided foreign aid.
Hint: First read the question well, second recognize your boundaries (limits), and then think!
Critical Reasoning questions continually ask test-takers to find and respect the boundaries set by the argument. In such questions the very first boundary is the question itself:
Which of the following most weakens the senators’ argument?
Well, what is the senator’s argument? Look at the highlighted text below:
Some advisors to the American President urge that next year’s Federal budget include sizeable provisions for foreign aid to the Asian countries worst hit by the economic crisis. A number of American senators, however, have vowed to vote down this measure saying a large influx of American funds will only encourage a rebirth of the corruption between Asian governments and big business that was, according to many economists, a primary cause of the crisis in these countries.
Since we want to weaken senators’ argument, the correct answer choice must attack their thinking. Which answer choices discuss corruption? Cancel those that don’t.
A.The aid will economically and politically strengthen those worst hit by the crisis, labourers and the emerging middle classes, who are uniformly opposed to corruption between government and big business.
B.Some economists believe that corruption was but one of many causes of the Asian economic crisis.
C.Many international organizations have claimed there is an alarming risk of famine and political instability in the worst hit countries
D.Much of the foreign aid sent to these countries in the 1970’s was secretly funneled to corporations with close personal ties to the government to support large-scale business development.
E.The current high value of the dollar compared to the crisis countries’ currencies will increase the relative value of American-provided foreign aid.
Of the remaining choices, only one will weaken the senators’ argument. The other must either strengthen it or stay neutral. Let’s take a look at the first argument:
A.The aid will economically and politically strengthen those worst hit by the crisis, labourers and the emerging middle classes, who are uniformly opposed to corruption between government and big business.
If the aid helps people who are opposed to corruption, then the senators are wrong. You need not go further. This is the correct answer.
Let’s try another question -
A group of European automobile racing enthusiasts has organized a boycott against popular motoring and motorcycling package tours of the American West. Claiming the tours’ promotional literature amounts to false advertising, the racing enthusiasts argue that such tours cannot provide the “true motoring pleasure” promised by the tour companies. After all, say the racing enthusiasts, how can a European motorist experience true motoring pleasure in the United States when the American highway speed limit is so much lower than those in European countries?
Which of the following is an assumption made by the automobile racing enthusiasts staging the boycott?
A.American motorists prefer to drive on the highway at slower speeds.
B.The companies offering the package tours are not staffed by racing enthusiasts.
C.Automobile drivers are more likely to drive at high speeds than are motorcyclists.
D.Speed limits in the United States are enforced often enough to pose a serious risk that speeding motorists will be ticketed by the police.
E.The amount of traffic on congested European highways is not so great as to limit the viable driving speed well below the posted speed limit.
Hint: Please remember – an assumption is an implicit but necessary logical link between an author’s conclusion and evidence.
The question above asks for “an assumption made by” the automobile racing enthusiasts on the boycott. To find their assumption, we first need to go into the question to find their conclusion and evidence.
A group of European automobile racing enthusiasts has organized a boycott against popular motoring and motorcycling package tours of the American West. Claiming the tours’ promotional literature amounts to false advertising, the racing enthusiasts argue that such tours cannot provide the “true motoring pleasure” promised by the tour companies. After all, say the racing enthusiasts, how can a European motorist experience true motoring pleasure in the United States when the American highway speed limit is so much lower than those in European countries?
When we present it more simply, “Europeans can’t get true motoring pleasure from the tours because the American highway speed limit is too low”. Well... Readers committed to “true motoring pleasure” probably see an assumption involving speed limits. We can look again at the answer choices.
A.American motorists prefer to drive on the highway at slower speeds.
B.The companies offering the package tours are not staffed by racing enthusiasts.
C.Automobile drivers are more likely to drive at high speeds than are motorcyclists.
D.Speed limits in the United States are enforced often enough to pose a serious risk that speeding motorists will be ticketed by the police.
E.The amount of traffic on congested European highways is not so great as to limit the viable driving speed well below the posted speed limit.
Since an assumption is a necessary part of the argument, the correct answer must be true for the Europeans’ argument to be valid. Which answer choice matches the criteria? The fourth! Speed limits are pointless if not enforced by the police, therefore enforcement is necessary for the low American speed limits to take away the Europeans’ driving pleasure.
This post first appeared here.
Strategies and Advice on Preparing for the GMAT – Part 1
Strategies and Advice on GMAT Preparation – Part 2: Quant
Strategies and Advice on GMAT Preparation – Part 3 : Data Sufficiency
Strategies and Advice on GMAT Preparation – Part 4 : Sentence Correction
Download our free mobile app to keep track of your MBA application deadlines, have offline access to essay questions, research B-schools and host of other features.
If you are applying for MBA and confused with the whole MBA application process? Let us help you. Avail free initial consultation from our consultants who are graduates from global top MBA programs. Find your profile fit, get questions about MBA applications and interviews answered as well as figure out the consultant's approach towards advising candidates. Sign up here and we will get in touch.
Critical Reasoning type questions ask you to comprehend and analyze a text-based logical argument. You need to identify: an argument’ conclusion, evidence used to arrive at the conclusion, an assumption made by the author, an addition to the argument that would either strengthen it or weaken it, or even an additional statement that can be inferred from the argument. Questions will have a fair amount of tough vocabulary as the level of English is advanced. Whether it is the opening text, or the given task or even the answer choices, you should expect the advanced level of vocabulary in these question-types. The right answer is the once that best satisfies the task asked in the question. Consider Critical Reasoning question as the verbal parallel to Data Sufficiency questions. Both test your thinking and decision-making.
Some advisors to the American President urge that next year’s Federal budget include sizeable provisions for foreign aid to the Asian countries worst hit by the economic crisis. A number of American senators, however, have vowed to vote down this measure saying a large influx of American funds will only encourage a rebirth of the corruption between Asian governments and big business that was, according to many economists, a primary cause of the crisis in these countries.
Which of the following most weakens the senators’ argument?
A.The aid will economically and politically strengthen those worst hit by the crisis, labourers and the emerging middle classes, who are uniformly opposed to corruption between government and big business.
B.Some economists believe that corruption was but one of many causes of the Asian economic crisis.
C.Many international organizations have claimed there is an alarming risk of famine and political instability in the worst hit countries
D.Much of the foreign aid sent to these countries in the 1970’s was secretly funneled to corporations with close personal ties to the government to support large-scale business development.
E.The current high value of the dollar compared to the crisis countries’ currencies will increase the relative value of American-provided foreign aid.
Hint: First read the question well, second recognize your boundaries (limits), and then think!
Critical Reasoning questions continually ask test-takers to find and respect the boundaries set by the argument. In such questions the very first boundary is the question itself:
Which of the following most weakens the senators’ argument?
Well, what is the senator’s argument? Look at the highlighted text below:
Some advisors to the American President urge that next year’s Federal budget include sizeable provisions for foreign aid to the Asian countries worst hit by the economic crisis. A number of American senators, however, have vowed to vote down this measure saying a large influx of American funds will only encourage a rebirth of the corruption between Asian governments and big business that was, according to many economists, a primary cause of the crisis in these countries.
Since we want to weaken senators’ argument, the correct answer choice must attack their thinking. Which answer choices discuss corruption? Cancel those that don’t.
A.The aid will economically and politically strengthen those worst hit by the crisis, labourers and the emerging middle classes, who are uniformly opposed to corruption between government and big business.
B.Some economists believe that corruption was but one of many causes of the Asian economic crisis.
C.
D.Much of the foreign aid sent to these countries in the 1970’s was secretly funneled to corporations with close personal ties to the government to support large-scale business development.
E.
Of the remaining choices, only one will weaken the senators’ argument. The other must either strengthen it or stay neutral. Let’s take a look at the first argument:
A.The aid will economically and politically strengthen those worst hit by the crisis, labourers and the emerging middle classes, who are uniformly opposed to corruption between government and big business.
If the aid helps people who are opposed to corruption, then the senators are wrong. You need not go further. This is the correct answer.
Let’s try another question -
A group of European automobile racing enthusiasts has organized a boycott against popular motoring and motorcycling package tours of the American West. Claiming the tours’ promotional literature amounts to false advertising, the racing enthusiasts argue that such tours cannot provide the “true motoring pleasure” promised by the tour companies. After all, say the racing enthusiasts, how can a European motorist experience true motoring pleasure in the United States when the American highway speed limit is so much lower than those in European countries?
Which of the following is an assumption made by the automobile racing enthusiasts staging the boycott?
A.American motorists prefer to drive on the highway at slower speeds.
B.The companies offering the package tours are not staffed by racing enthusiasts.
C.Automobile drivers are more likely to drive at high speeds than are motorcyclists.
D.Speed limits in the United States are enforced often enough to pose a serious risk that speeding motorists will be ticketed by the police.
E.The amount of traffic on congested European highways is not so great as to limit the viable driving speed well below the posted speed limit.
Hint: Please remember – an assumption is an implicit but necessary logical link between an author’s conclusion and evidence.
The question above asks for “an assumption made by” the automobile racing enthusiasts on the boycott. To find their assumption, we first need to go into the question to find their conclusion and evidence.
A group of European automobile racing enthusiasts has organized a boycott against popular motoring and motorcycling package tours of the American West. Claiming the tours’ promotional literature amounts to false advertising, the racing enthusiasts argue that such tours cannot provide the “true motoring pleasure” promised by the tour companies. After all, say the racing enthusiasts, how can a European motorist experience true motoring pleasure in the United States when the American highway speed limit is so much lower than those in European countries?
When we present it more simply, “Europeans can’t get true motoring pleasure from the tours because the American highway speed limit is too low”. Well... Readers committed to “true motoring pleasure” probably see an assumption involving speed limits. We can look again at the answer choices.
A.American motorists prefer to drive on the highway at slower speeds.
B.The companies offering the package tours are not staffed by racing enthusiasts.
C.Automobile drivers are more likely to drive at high speeds than are motorcyclists.
D.Speed limits in the United States are enforced often enough to pose a serious risk that speeding motorists will be ticketed by the police.
E.The amount of traffic on congested European highways is not so great as to limit the viable driving speed well below the posted speed limit.
Since an assumption is a necessary part of the argument, the correct answer must be true for the Europeans’ argument to be valid. Which answer choice matches the criteria? The fourth! Speed limits are pointless if not enforced by the police, therefore enforcement is necessary for the low American speed limits to take away the Europeans’ driving pleasure.
This post first appeared here.
Strategies and Advice on Preparing for the GMAT – Part 1
Strategies and Advice on GMAT Preparation – Part 2: Quant
Strategies and Advice on GMAT Preparation – Part 3 : Data Sufficiency
Strategies and Advice on GMAT Preparation – Part 4 : Sentence Correction
Download our free mobile app to keep track of your MBA application deadlines, have offline access to essay questions, research B-schools and host of other features.
If you are applying for MBA and confused with the whole MBA application process? Let us help you. Avail free initial consultation from our consultants who are graduates from global top MBA programs. Find your profile fit, get questions about MBA applications and interviews answered as well as figure out the consultant's approach towards advising candidates. Sign up here and we will get in touch.
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