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The subject decides the verb and not the object or objects. So D
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anuj88
The guiding hand behind the extravaganza, which in recent years have expanded to include art festivals , are Mr. Botstein and Mr. Stokowski, the vice-presidents of the college, where the events take place.

(A)have expanded to include art festivals, are
(B)has expanded to include art festivals, are
(C)have expanded to include art festivals, is
(D)has expanded to include art festivals, is
(E)expanded to include art festivals, is


I want to know why we should use 'are' and not 'is'

Hi,
the VERB is/are depends on the subject-"The guiding hand behind the extravaganza"
"The guiding hand behind the extravaganza" is SINGULAR so IS is correct
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Why do we use past perfect and not past tense?

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rahulkashyap
Why do we use past perfect and not past tense?

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If you are talking about split between has expanded vs expanded in this particular sentence then notice "in recent years" before the verb. Recent years doesn't indicate a specific point of time in the past so simple past expanded cannot be used. The sentence is trying to say that the exapansion of extravaganza to include festivals started sometime (in recent years) in the past and is still going on. Therefore perfect tense is perfect here.
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rahulkashyap
Why do we use past perfect and not past tense?

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If an incident occurred in the past,but its effect is still felt, past perfect is used.

The storm has devastated the city..... The devastation is already done, but the effect of devastation is still there.

Similarly, the expansion has already occurred, but the effect of expansion is still there. Hence past perfect is the correct usage.

Another possible explanation could be that given by tarunktuteja.
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The guiding hand is Mr. Botstein and Mr. Stokowski.

How two persons could have a single hand?

I am supposing this is used in a sense of indication (figuratively) not literally. Am I correct? Anything more to share?
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Mahmud6
The guiding hand is Mr. Botstein and Mr. Stokowski.

How two persons could have a single hand?

I am supposing this is used in a sense of indication (figuratively) not literally. Am I correct? Anything more to share?


The guiding hand behind the extravaganza is Mr. Botstein and Mr. Stokowski
and let's shuffle the sentence.
Mr. Botstein and Mr. Stokowski is The guiding hand behind the extravaganza

Mr. Botstein and Mr. Stokowski are The guiding hands behind the extravaganza

hand - is , hands - are
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