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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION



Television viewing has proven, detrimental effects on both adults and children. These effects range from a decrease in physical activity, resulting in obesity, to social and behavioral abnormalities. The popularity of traditional television viewing has hardly been affected by entertainment offered through the internet, and time spent watching television is [b]the highest of any activity other than sleeping. It is hoped that the increasing of public awareness may result in the decrease of the negative effects caused by the excessive use of this media.

In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?[/b]


A. The first is a statement that substantiates the importance of the argument's issue; the second is a strategy that, if acted upon, will eliminate the issue.

Incorrect.

This is a Boldface Type question, in which you are required to define the role of the two boldface sections in the argument. Read the argument and break it down using indicative words:

  • Sentence 1 is clearly a premise because it contains the word proven.
  • Sentence 2 is a premise because it cites factual details about the effects mentioned in sentence 1.
  • Sentence 3 is also a premise. It's second half, the first boldface portion, provides further factual information in the form of a comparison - we spend our time mostly on TV (after sleeping).
  • Sentence 4, and the second boldface portion, is a conclusion as it makes a recommendation or a prediction.

While this answer choice defines the first boldface part correctly, it defines the second incorrectly. The second boldface portion does not contain a claim that the issue will be eliminated. The words may and decrease tell us that this strategy will not solve the issue definitely and entirely.



B. The first offers further details about a problem discussed as the main topic of the argument; the second is evidence that this problem may be solved.

Incorrect.

While this answer choice defines the first boldface part correctly, it defines the second incorrectly. The second boldface portion cannot be referred to as evidence since it does not contain any factual information.



C. The first is an objection raised against the position taken by the argument; the second is a judgment that is supported by the position taken by the argument.

Incorrect.

The first boldface portion does not object any other statement in the argument, but merely gives us more information about the topic. You can immediately eliminate answer choices that incorrectly define the first boldface part; do not waste time reading the rest.



D. The first is a comparison used to further define the content of the argument; the second is a suggestion proposed to deal with solving the issue raised in the argument.

The first portion compares watching television to sleeping and to all other activities. The second is the author's idea on how the problem raised by the argument may be dealt with.


E. The first is evidence that supports the argument's validity; the second seeks to explain the circumstances presented by the argument as a whole.

Incorrect.

This is a Boldface Type question, in which you are required to define the role of the two boldface sections in the argument. Read the argument and break it down using indicative words:

  • Sentence 1 is clearly a premise because it contains the word proven.
  • Sentence 2 is a premise because it cites factual details about the effects mentioned in sentence 1.
  • Sentence 3 is also a premise. It's second half, the first boldface portion, provides further factual information in the form of a comparison - we spend our time mostly on TV (after sleeping).
  • Sentence 4, and the second boldface portion, is a conclusion as it makes a recommendation or a prediction.

While this answer choice defines the first boldface part correctly, it defines the second incorrectly. The second boldface portion does not provide any reasoning that could be referred to as an explanation of the argument.
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