Tenured professors at higher education institutions are certainly give

Question

Tenured professors at higher education institutions are certainly given more prestige than other lecturers are. But they are not better teachers as shown by a working paper published by National Education Research Institute (NERI). NERI collected, from more than 15,000 students, ratings for both tenured and non-tenured professors. Even though we would expect tenured professors to get much better ratings because of their much greater experience,  the results showed otherwise . Non-tenured professors got better ratings, slightly though, than tenured professors. This clearly shows that there is an immediate need to do course correction –  after all, the whole purpose of the existence of the education system is to provide quality teaching to the students .

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first provides evidence that has been used to challenge a common expectation; the second can be interpreted to challenge the common expectation.

(B) The first presents a judgment that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second is a fact that supports the main conclusion of the argument.

(C) The first is a fact that supports a conclusion that in turn supports the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second supports that conclusion.

(D) The first is a fact that has been used to support a position that the argument seeks to establish; the second is another consideration raised in order to support that position

(E) The first is a judgment that challenges one of the intermediate conclusions drawn in the argument; the second can be interpreted to support that intermediate conclusion

thakurarun85 · Answer

B and E are out because 1st is not a judgement.

In A send statement having nothing to do with the common expectation. A is out.

1st is surely a fact and second is consideration raised to support " This clearly shows that there is an immediate need to do course correction" D look correct.

Opinion plz.

S1905 · Answer

Approach: For each boldface, we shall check whether it is a Fact or a Claim

BF 1 - the results showed otherwise - this is definitely a fact  
Eliminate option B and E (Judgement is a Claim)
Relationship of BF1 with the argument - forms the basis of conclusion by busting a common myth

Conclusion: This clearly shows that there is an immediate need to do course correction (Author's view is always a Claim)

BF 2 - after all, the whole purpose of the existence of the education system is to provide quality teaching to the students. - this is a claim and is the extension of the conclusion  
Relationship of BF2 with the argument - provides additional support to the conclusion

(A) The first provides evidence that has been used to challenge a common expectation; the second can be  interpreted to challenge the common expectation .
BF1 is correct; BF2 is incorrect - it is not used challenge the common expectation (we would expect tenured professors to get much better ratings because of their much greater experience)

(C) The first is a fact that supports a conclusion  that in turn supports the position that the argument seeks to establish ; the second supports that conclusion.
BF1 - Incorrect (Partially Correct) - BF1 supports the conclusion but the conclusion DOES NOT support any position(instead support for the conclusion is present as a position, i.e., the BF2, BF2 - Correct

(D) The first is a fact that has been used to support a position that the argument seeks to establish; the second is another consideration raised in order to support that position
BF1 - Correct; BF2 - Correct

shubhim20 · Answer

KarishmaB   bb   Bunuel  please help explain all and which one is correct

egmat · Answer

Argument Flow: 
 
 Premise: Tenured professors have more prestige 
 Expectation: Should get better teaching ratings (due to experience) 
  Evidence (BF1): "Results showed otherwise"  - NERI study found non-tenured got slightly better ratings 
  Intermediate Conclusion: Tenured professors aren't better teachers  
  Main Conclusion: Need immediate course correction  
  Justification (BF2): "Education's purpose is quality teaching"  - Principle supporting why correction matters

Logic Map: 
 Expectation (tenured = better) 
 ↓
BF1: Results contradicted → Intermediate: Not better teachers
 ↓ ↓
 └──────────────┬───────────────┘
 ↓
 Main Conclusion: Need correction
 ↑
 BF2: Education exists for quality teaching

Boldface 1:  "the results showed otherwise"
 
  Fact  (empirical evidence) 
 Supports intermediate conclusion → supports main conclusion 
 Contradicts expectation  
 Boldface 2:  "after all, the whole purpose...is to provide quality teaching"
 
  Principle  (normative statement) 
 Directly supports main conclusion 
 Provides justification for why correction matters

Answer Choice Analysis

(A) The first provides evidence that has been used to challenge a common expectation; the second can be interpreted to challenge the common expectation. 
 While BF1 does challenge an expectation, BF2 doesn't challenge any expectation—it states a principle about education's purpose to justify the need for correction.

(B) The first presents a judgment that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second is a fact that supports the main conclusion of the argument. 
  Why it's incorrect:  BF1 is a fact from the NERI study, not a judgment. Additionally, BF2 is a normative principle, not a fact.

(C) The first is a fact that supports a conclusion that in turn supports the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second supports that conclusion. 
 The critical error is in "the second supports  that conclusion ." The phrase "that conclusion" grammatically refers back to "a conclusion" (the intermediate conclusion about teaching quality), not the main conclusion. This means (C) claims BF2 supports the intermediate conclusion that "tenured professors aren't better teachers." However, BF2 ("education's purpose is quality teaching") doesn't support this intermediate claim about comparative teaching quality—it provides normative justification for why the  main conclusion  (need for course correction) matters. This is a subtle but crucial misidentification of what BF2 supports.

(D) The first is a fact that has been used to support a position that the argument seeks to establish; the second is another consideration raised in order to support that position  ✓
 
 First boldface analysis: 
 
 ✓ "is a fact" - Yes, empirical evidence from the NERI study 
 ✓ "has been used to support a position that the argument seeks to establish" - Yes, while BF1 works through an intermediate step, it ultimately supports the main conclusion (need for course correction)

Second boldface analysis: 
 
 ✓ "is another consideration" - Yes, BF2 is a different type of support (a normative principle vs. empirical evidence) 
 ✓ "raised in order to support  that position " - The phrase "that position" correctly refers to the same main conclusion ("position that the argument seeks to establish")

Why this works:  Unlike (C), answer (D) correctly identifies that  both boldfaces ultimately support the same final position —the need for course correction. While BF1 provides empirical evidence (via an intermediate conclusion) and BF2 provides normative justification (directly), they both serve to support the argument's main recommendation. The answer doesn't get tangled in the hierarchical details but correctly captures that both are "considerations" supporting the same ultimate conclusion.

(E) The first is a judgment that challenges one of the intermediate conclusions drawn in the argument; the second can be interpreted to support that intermediate conclusion 
  Why it's incorrect:  BF1 is a fact (not a judgment) that supports rather than challenges the intermediate conclusion. The relationship is backward in this answer choice.

Tenured professors at higher education institutions are certainly give

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