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555-605 (Medium)|   Conclusion|            
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(A) is correct. If the number of miners has remained constant, then since output per miner has doubled, total coal production must have doubled.

(B) is incorrect. A mine’s overall output could have increased simply by hiring more miners, even if its output per miner remained unchanged.
The passage only discusses average output per miner across Tribnia but does not guarantee that every mine saw an increase in output per miner.

(C) is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that opening new mines would have further increased output per miner. New mines could have had different productivity levels.

(D) is incorrect because a mine could have maintained the same output per miner while increasing overall output by hiring more miners.

(E) is incorrect because the passage does not mention costs. Higher productivity can lead to lower costs, but it is not guaranteed. Costs depend on wages, equipment expenses, and other factors.

Final answer: (A).
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Inference

Boil it Down:
· New tech can increase productivity in existing coal mines
· Coal output per miner is doubled in 5 years
· Here, most likely the author is concerned with the average coal output per miner

Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statement about coal output per miner in the passage?

(A) If the number of miners working in Tribnian coal mines has remained constant in the past five years, Tribnia's total coal production has doubled in that period of time. – correct – pretty straightforward – think in terms equation.

(B) Any individual Tribnian coal mine that achieved an increase in overall output in the past five years has also experienced an increase in output per miner – this is a trap – suppose some mine where output per miner did not increase, but they recruited more miners. Hence, total output will increase. But the output per miner will not - OUT

(C) If any new coal mines had opened in Tribnia in the past five years, then the increase in output per miner would have been even greater than it actually was – can’t be inferred - OUT

(D) If any individual Tribnian coal mine has not increased its output per miner in the past five years, then that mine's overall output has declined or remained constant – TRAP – suppose a mine who has recruited many new miners. Now, output per miner is almost stable, but the total overall output is likely to increase. - OUT

(E) In Tribnia the cost of producing a given quantity of coal has declined over the past five years. – cost of producing coal is irrelevant.
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