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Alternative Approach

The biological offspring of Arianna and Noah are such that each male has the same number of brothers as sisters, and each female has half as many sisters as brothers.

Based on the information provided, select for "Number of male offspring" the number of male offspring of Arianna and Noah and select for "Number of female offspring" the number of female offspring of Arianna and Noah. Make only two selections, one in each column.


1

2

3

4

5


Since "each female has half as many sisters as brothers," there must be an even number of male offspring. After all, only integer numbers of sisters and brothers can exist, and half of a number is an integer only if that number is even.

So, of the answer choices, the only possible numbers of male offspring are 2 and 4.

Try 2 male offspring.

each male has the same number of brothers as sisters

2 males

Each 1 male has 1 brother and thus has 1 sister.

each female has half as many sisters as brothers

If each male has just 1 sister, then there is just one female, and the female has 0 sisters.

0 is not half of 2.

Eliminate 2 as a possible number of male offspring.

Try 4 male offspring.

each male has the same number of brothers as sisters

4 males

Each of the 4 males has 3 brothers and thus has 3 sisters.

each female has half as many sisters as brothers

If each male has 3 sisters, there are 3 female offspring, and each female has 2 sisters.

2 is half of of 4.

Perfect.

Correct Answer: 4, 3
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For each dude, the number of his brothers is \(m-1\) and the number of his sisters is \(f\).
For each lady, the number of her sisters is \(f-1\) and the number of his brothers is \(m\).

Quote:
each male has the same number of brothers as sisters
\(m-1=f\)

Quote:
each female has half as many sisters as brothers
\(2(f-1)=m\)
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KarishmaB
Can you please explain?
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AvikSaha
The biological offspring of Arianna and Noah are such that each male has the same number of brothers as sisters, and each female has half as many sisters as brothers.

Based on the information provided, select for "Number of male offspring" the number of male offspring of Arianna and Noah and select for "Number of female offspring" the number of female offspring of Arianna and Noah. Make only two selections, one in each coloumn.


The biological offspring of Arianna and Noah are such that each male has the same number of brothers as sisters,

This means number of males is 1 more than the number of females. Say if Ronald has 5 brothers and 5 sisters, it means there are 6 males and 5 females.
So we will select 2, 1 or 3, 2 or 4,3 or 5, 4.

and each female has half as many sisters as brothers.

When you reduce the number of females by 1, you get half the number of females as the number of males. This works for 4, 3. When I reduce number of females by 1, I get 4, 2. Here number of females is half the number of males.

Hence 4, 3 is correct.

Other interesting TPA discussions:

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https://youtu.be/-9i-MmJE8Jg
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AvikSaha
The biological offspring of Arianna and Noah are such that each male has the same number of brothers as sisters, and each female has half as many sisters as brothers.

Based on the information provided, select "Number of male offspring", the number of male offspring of Arianna and Noah and choose for "Number of female offspring", the number of female offspring of Arianna and Noah. Make only two selections, one in each column.
Constraints
  • Each male has the same number of brothers and sisters.
  • Each female has half as many sisters as brothers.

Given the above conditions, we need to determine the number of boys (males) and girls (females) in the family.
  • The maximum number of children (either boys or girls) in the family is 5, based on the answer choices (1,2,3,4,5). This means we might need to check combinations of up to 5 children.

Analyzing the Males' Situation
Each male has the same number of brothers and sisters.
Let’s represent the family composition with b for boys and s for girls:

Number of Brothers Number of SistersTotal Siblings
(including the male himself)
1b (1 brother)1s (1 sister)2b, 1s
2b (2 brothers)2s (2 sisters)2b, 2s
3b (3 brothers)3s (3 sisters)4b, 3s
4b (4 brothers)4s (4 sisters)5b, 9s
5b (5 brothers)5s (5 sisters)Can exclude, as not part of the answer choices

Analyzing the Females' Situation
Each female has half the number of sisters as brothers. Let’s reduce the number of girls by one from the total siblings above (since the girl herself doesn't count as her own sister) to check for valid combinations:

Number of BrothersNumber of Sisters
(excluding the female)
Total siblings
(including the girl herself)
2b (2 brothers)0s (0 sisters)Exclude
3b (3 brothers)1s (1 sister)3b, 2s
4b (4 brothers)2s (2 sisters) --> Satisfies the constraint4b, 3s
5b (5 brothers)3s (3 sisters)
6b (6 brothers)4s (4 sisters)

  • 4 boys and 2 girls: Here, each female has 2 sisters and 4 brothers, satisfying the condition that the number of sisters is half the number of brothers. Including her we have a 4 brothers and 3 sisters.
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