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Sajjad1994
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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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13 Dec 2019, 07:18
The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle physics experiments in Antarctica, as described below.

The ultra-high-energy cosmic ray detector (UHECR-D) will track a variety of subatomic particles traveling from outer space with exceptionally high kinetic energy by recording secondary showers of particles created by these UHECRs as they collide with the upper atmosphere.

The polyethylene naphthalate neutrino observatory (PEN-NO) will search for neutrinos, extremely light and fast subatomic particles that interact only weakly with normal matter. To prevent spurious results from cosmic rays, PEN-NO will be buried deep below the ice.

The magnetic monopole detector (MaMoD) will attempt to verify the existence of magnetic monopoles, hypothetical subatomic particles postulated by some physical theories to be left over from the creation of the universe.
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1. For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is supported by the evidence provided. Otherwise, select No.
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With a construction budget of $30 million, the Storinian government will be able to search for a proof of an explanation of charge quantization and to help resolve a controversy by measuring the speed of neutrinos produced in nuclear reactors.
Inits Antarctic experiments, the Storinian government will attempt to ascertain the mass and speed of cosmic rays and to confirm the composition of magnetic monopoles.
If the PEN-NO experiment is kept in operation on the surface of the ice in Antarctica, its findings will be considered more valid than those produced by the experiment as currently envisioned.
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2. According to the information provided, the proposed measurement of which of the following kinds of particles is intended to improve the quality of estimation of the mass of these particles?
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays.
Particles created by UHECRs above the earth.
Neutrinos produced in nuclear reactors.
Neutrinos that originate in the sun.
Magnetic monopoles.
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3. For each of the following particle types, select Can Conclude if you can conclude from the information provided that the particles in question have a minimal effect on ordinary matter. Otherwise, select Cannot Conclude.
Can Conclude Cannot Conclude
Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray.
Particles created by UHECRs above the earth.
Magnetic monopole.
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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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13 Dec 2019, 07:29
1)A) No, since total construction budget of 42$ is provided in the information, but there is no mention about the individual cost of each of these projects.
B)No,since mass calculation is for neutrinos and not for cosmic rays
C)No,Since it's clearly written in the proposal of PEN-NO that it should be buried deep in ice, in order to avoid spurious results from cosmic rays

2) Neutrinos produced in nuclear reactors is intended for mass calculation.


3) Cannot be concluded, since there is no info in the above paragraphs about the effect to the ordinary matter with these three particles

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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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19 Nov 2021, 03:40
Dear Sajjad1994
could you check the validity of Q3 answers.
3. For each of the following particle types, select Can Conclude if you can conclude from the information provided that the particles in question have a minimal effect on ordinary matter. Otherwise, select Cannot Conclude.

Option B: Neutrinos produced in particle accelerators
Tab "Proposal": The polyethylene naphthalate neutrino observatory (PEN-NO) will search for neutrinos, extremely light and fast subatomic particles that interact only weakly with normal matter.

We can infer that Normal matter = Ordinary Matter and that "only weakly interaction signifies the meager effect"

Tab "Purpose": PEN-NO will measure the mass and speed of neutrinos produced in particle accelerators

Taking into consideration both facts we can infer that "Neutrinos produced in particle accelerators" have minimal effect on ordinary matter.
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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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20 Nov 2021, 04:07
BLTN
Dear Sajjad1994
could you check the validity of Q3 answers.
3. For each of the following particle types, select Can Conclude if you can conclude from the information provided that the particles in question have a minimal effect on ordinary matter. Otherwise, select Cannot Conclude.

Option B: Neutrinos produced in particle accelerators
Tab "Proposal": The polyethylene naphthalate neutrino observatory (PEN-NO) will search for neutrinos, extremely light and fast subatomic particles that interact only weakly with normal matter.

We can infer that Normal matter = Ordinary Matter and that "only weakly interaction signifies the meager effect"

Tab "Purpose": PEN-NO will measure the mass and speed of neutrinos produced in particle accelerators

Taking into consideration both facts we can infer that "Neutrinos produced in particle accelerators" have minimal effect on ordinary matter.
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Hello BLTN

The answer to question is correct as given.

The text available in the question cannot verify with the assurance that Neutrinos produced in particle accelerators have a minimal effect on ordinary matter. In the proposal tab:

The polyethylene naphthalate neutrino observatory (PEN-NO) will search for neutrinos, extremely light and fast subatomic particles that interact only weakly with normal matter. To prevent spurious results from cosmic rays, PEN-NO will be buried deep below the ice.

In the question:

Neutrinos produced in particle accelerators.

We cannot infer the impact, the impact is doubtful but not confirmed. The question is talking about the Neutrinos that are produced in the particle accelerators while we have no particular information about the same.

This is the testing of logical reasoning between could be true and must be true.
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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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10 Sep 2024, 00:28
for Q-3, what about for “neutrinos produced in particle accelerators”?
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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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10 Jul 2025, 02:18
Hi KarishmaB MartyMurray DmitryFarber

In question-3, I wanted to confirm my reasoning for Cannot Conclude for part-2 "Particles created by UHECRs above the earth".

My reasoning if we look at info in the tab-Proposal "The ultra-high-energy cosmic ray detector (UHECR-D) will track a variety of subatomic particles traveling from outer space with exceptionally high kinetic energy by recording secondary showers of particles created by these UHECRs as they collide with the upper atmosphere."

We can see that there is no mention of "ordinary matter", at best, it mentioned interaction between upper atmosphere and the particles created by UHECRs.

Also, we can't assume upper atmosphere as ordinary matter, right?

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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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13 Jul 2025, 22:03
I don't know what the test maker means by 'ordinary matter' in this question. It needed to be clarified. There is no mention of this term and common sense would dictate that atmosphere and measurement devices etc are all ordinary matter (unlike dark matter).
If we are trying to measure something, it would need to interact with ordinary matter to be measured. I would think Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray and particles created by UHECRs above the earth both interact with ordinary matter as per given data. Hence 'cannot be determined' is correct.
On the other side, if something has not been detected yet, either it doesn't interact with ordinary matter or it doesn't exist or it exists but hasn't been found yet. We don't know which of these is true for MaMoD so again cannot say.


agrasan
Hi KarishmaB MartyMurray DmitryFarber

In question-3, I wanted to confirm my reasoning for Cannot Conclude for part-2 "Particles created by UHECRs above the earth".

My reasoning if we look at info in the tab-Proposal "The ultra-high-energy cosmic ray detector (UHECR-D) will track a variety of subatomic particles traveling from outer space with exceptionally high kinetic energy by recording secondary showers of particles created by these UHECRs as they collide with the upper atmosphere."

We can see that there is no mention of "ordinary matter", at best, it mentioned interaction between upper atmosphere and the particles created by UHECRs.

Also, we can't assume upper atmosphere as ordinary matter, right?
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The government of Storinia has proposed to conduct several particle
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