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Bunuel
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Lets solve this visually.

Every event where line is sloping downwards AND bars are increasing in height is economies of scale. Opposite of that is innefficiency.

January to may is economy of scale (4 months), so is July to December (5 months). Thus total 9 instances.

June and july re inefficiencies, and , june is the first one.
Bunuel
The graph above displays data from a manufacturer’s operations over a 12-month period.

The bar chart shows the total production volume (in units) for each month (measured on the left vertical axis), while the line graph shows the corresponding cost per unit (in euros, measured on the right vertical axis).



An operations analyst defines:
  • Economies of scale as any month-to-month period during which production increases while cost per unit decreases. For eg. if production increases from March to April, and correspondingly, cost per unit decreases, that counts as 1 month-to-month period.
  • An inefficiency event as any month-to-month period during which production decreases while cost per unit increases.

Based on the information in the graph:

The number of month-to-month intervals during which the company demonstrates economies of scale is and the first month in which the company demonstrates an inefficiency event is
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