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rkhosla
Why is B incorrect? The new promotions made them switch providers. To act on new promotions switching providers... Cause effect relationship with ing modifier?

What am I missing?

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Hello rkhosla,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, in order to convey a cause-effect relationship, the present participle must be preceded by a comma.

To understand the concept of "Comma Plus Present Participle for Cause-Effect Relationship" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):



All the best!
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Can somebody please explain more why "caused by" in A is incorrect but "because of" in E is correct?
Thank you.
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Why is A incorrect and E correct? "Due to" modifies a noun clause and "because of", verb. Isn't "customer unwillingness" an abstract noun? Please explain
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Can somebody please explain more why "caused by" in A is incorrect but "because of" in E is correct?
Thank you.

“Because of” functions as a modifier of verbs. It can only be used to provide the reason behind a verb or an action.
Option E: increase in the churn of cell phone accounts because of customer willingness to act on new promotional offers to switch

“Caused by” functions as a modifier of nouns. It can only be used to provide the reason behind a noun and not a verb.
Option A: The industry has seen a dramatic increase in the churn of cell phone accounts caused by customer willingness to act on new promotional offers to switch. Here seen is verb.

Hope it helps
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