IMO A should be the answer
A. The moon’s gravitational pull, not only on the ocean water closest to the moon but also on the Earth itself, results in the twice-daily cycle of the tides.............Looks fine
B.
Resulting from the moon’s gravitational pull, not only on the ocean water closest to the moon but also on the Earth itself,
the tides undergo a twice-daily cycle...............Modifier error
C. The moon pulls gravitationally not only on the ocean water closest to the moon but also on the Earth itself,
with the result of the twice-daily cycle of the tides.............................Meaning distorted
D. The moon pulls gravitationally not only on the ocean water closest to the moon but also on the Earth itself,
with the resulting twice-daily cycle of the tides..............................Meaning distorted
E. The tides undergo a twice-daily cycle
because of the moon pulling gravitationally not only on the ocean water closest to the moon but also on the Earth itself.................................Meaning issue