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Quote:
The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton County than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more is higher in Sommer County.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

A. The percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.
B. Merton County has the second-highest percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more.
C. The percentage of households with an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000 is higher in Merton County than in Sommer County.
D. The total number of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is greater in Merton County than in Sommer County.
E. Average annual household income is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.

The right answer here is C. A bit of a clue is included in how the question is worded, specially with "must be true". This is the key to inference questions, we are looking to pick an answer that MUST be true, and therefore CANNOT be false.

A - We don't know about those earning over 80k. It could be higher in either, so we can't say this statement MUST be true. OUT

B - Again, we don't know this for sure. It seems likely, but 'likely' is not enough. It's possible there could be some other county ahead of Merton as well. OUT

C - This MUST be true. If Sommer county has the highest percentage of households over 60k, and Merton is highest over 40k, the only possible way these statements are true is if in between 40k and 60k, Merton has more households and therefore "catches up" to Sommer. This statement is always going to be true, and in NO way can be false.

D - This is a statistics trap. The number of households and percentage of households are very different entities, and in order to make claims across them, we'd need the total number of households in both counties. We don't have this, so we can't make any certain claims here. OUT

E - We don't know about the average though. It's possible that everyone not over 60k in Sommer county is actually on poverty wages. Again, we aren't looking at whether an answer is likely to be true. We have to pick one that cannot be false under any circumstances. OUT

- Matoo
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(C) The percentage of households with an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000 is higher in Merton County than in Sommer County.

Given that Merton County has a higher percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000, it's reasonable to infer that a significant portion of those households likely falls within the income range between $40,000 and $60,000. Therefore, (C) can be considered a reasonable inference based on the information given.
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