OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
The reason that iron fertilization of the earth's oceans has not been implemented is because scientists are still unsure whether this expensive and extreme method can actually alleviate the effects of global warming.A. The reason that iron fertilization of the earth's oceans has not been implemented is because scientists are still unsure whether this expensive and extreme method can actually alleviate the effects of global warming
This answer is stylistically flawed. Using both the reason and because is redundant.
What helps us identify this question as a Redundancy question as well as identify this mistake is the following Stop Sign: the reason + becauseB. The reason that iron fertilization of the earth's oceans has not been implemented is that scientists are still unsure whether this expensive and extreme method can actually alleviate the effects of global warming or not
Although this answer choice corrects the original Redundancy error by removing because, it creates another stylistic error. In the GMAT, the addition of the phrase or not at any point after the word whether is considered redundant.C. Iron fertilization of the earth's oceans has not been implemented because scientists are still unsure whether this expensive and extreme method can actually alleviate the effects of global warming
This answer choice eliminates the redundancy caused by using both the reason and because.D. Iron fertilization of the earth's oceans has not been implemented because scientists are still unsure if this expensive and extreme method can actually alleviate the effects of global warming
Although this answer choice corrects the original Redundancy error by removing because, in the GMAT, the word if should be used in Conditionals only. Since in this question there is no condition, if should be replaced by whether.
Think of whether as a choice between two possibilities dealing with the same subject or as a yes/no question.
Example: I do not know whether this will work. (yes or no)
He was not sure whether he wanted banana or chocolate cake. (a choice between 2 possibilities)E. The reason that iron fertilization of the earth's oceans has not been implemented is that scientists are still unsure whether this expensive and extreme method can actually bring about the alleviation of global warming effects
Although this answer choice corrects the original Redundancy error by removing because, it creates additional redundancy through the wordy phrase actually bring about the alleviation.