Bunuel
The son of a factory owner, Friedrich Engels’ close literary partnership with Karl Marx did not prevent Engels from owning a business that he ran quite profitably.
A. The son of a factory owner, Friedrich Engels’ close literary partnership with Karl Marx did not prevent Engels from owning a business that
B. The son of a factory owner, Friedrich Engels’ close literary partnership with Karl Marx did not prevent him from owning a business that
C. The son of a factory owner, Friedrich Engels’ close literary partnership with Karl Marx did not prevent Engels from owning a business that
D. Friedrich Engels’ close literary partnership with Karl Marx did not prevent Engels, the son of a factory owner, from owning a business that
E. Friedrich Engels’ close literary partnership with Karl Marx did not prevent him from owning a business that he, the son of a factory owner,
VERITAS PREP OFFICIAL SOLUTION:
As you initially approach this problem, you should recognize the familiar GMAT setup of an appositive modifier - "the son of a factory owner" - at the beginning of the sentence. Whenever you see this structure your first instinct should be to determine whether the noun (or noun phrase) that comes after the comma could logically be modified by that modifier.
Here "the son of a factory owner" means that the noun that follows must be a person. But in choices (A), (B), and (C), the subject is "Friedrich Engels' closer literary partnership" - Engels' is used a possessive to describe "partnership," and "partnership" is not a person. So choices (A), (B), and (C) are all incorrect.
As you then look for decision points between (D) and (E), note that the main differences are that (E) uses the pronoun "him" ("did not prevent him from owning...") while (D) uses the proper noun "Engels." What is the rationale for that difference? Because each sentence includes two men (Engels and Marx) the use of the pronoun "he" could cause confusion as to which man was the son of a factory owner and ran a successful business. By repeating "Engels" in choice (D), the sentence avoids that potential ambiguity, so
(D) is correct.