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25 Jan 2020, 18:13
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Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
91% (01:39) correct
9%
(01:54) wrong
based on 334
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
87% (00:40) correct 13%
(00:54) wrong
based on 317
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
82% (00:39) correct 18%
(00:55) wrong
based on 315
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
32% (01:27) correct 68%
(01:14) wrong
based on 336
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Project RC Butler 2020 - Participate and win GMAT Club Tests.
Passage # 152 Date: 15-Jun-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
Passage # 152 Date: 15-Jun-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
1992 10 SECTION B 24-27
The success of fluoride in combating dental decay is well established and, without a doubt, socially beneficial. However, fluoride’s toxic properties have been known for a century. In humans excessive intake (for adults, over 4 milligrams per day) over many years can lead to skeletal fluorosis, a well-defined skeletal disorder, and in some plant species, fluoride is more toxic than ozone, sulfur dioxide, or pesticides.
Some important questions remain. For example, the precise lower limit at which the fluoride content of bone becomes toxic is still undetermined. And while fluoride intake from water and air can be evaluated relatively easily, it is much harder to estimate how much a given population ingests from foodstuffs because of the wide variations in individual eating habits and in fluoride concentrations in foodstuffs. These difficulties suggest that we should by wary of indiscriminately using fluoride, even in the form of fluoride-containing dental products.
The success of fluoride in combating dental decay is well established and, without a doubt, socially beneficial. However, fluoride’s toxic properties have been known for a century. In humans excessive intake (for adults, over 4 milligrams per day) over many years can lead to skeletal fluorosis, a well-defined skeletal disorder, and in some plant species, fluoride is more toxic than ozone, sulfur dioxide, or pesticides.
Some important questions remain. For example, the precise lower limit at which the fluoride content of bone becomes toxic is still undetermined. And while fluoride intake from water and air can be evaluated relatively easily, it is much harder to estimate how much a given population ingests from foodstuffs because of the wide variations in individual eating habits and in fluoride concentrations in foodstuffs. These difficulties suggest that we should by wary of indiscriminately using fluoride, even in the form of fluoride-containing dental products.
1. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
(A) analyzing and categorizing
(B) comparing and contrasting
(C) synthesizing and predicting
(D) describing and cautioning
(E) summarizing and reinterpreting
(A) analyzing and categorizing
(B) comparing and contrasting
(C) synthesizing and predicting
(D) describing and cautioning
(E) summarizing and reinterpreting
2. The passage suggests that it would be easier to calculate fluoride intake from food if
(A) adequate diets were available for most people.
(B) individual eating habits were more uniform
(C) the fluoride content of food was more varied
(D) more people were aware of the fluoride content of food
(E) methods for measuring the fluoride content of food were more generally agreed on
(A) adequate diets were available for most people.
(B) individual eating habits were more uniform
(C) the fluoride content of food was more varied
(D) more people were aware of the fluoride content of food
(E) methods for measuring the fluoride content of food were more generally agreed on
3. One function of the second paragraph of the passage is to
(A) raise doubts about fluoride’s toxicity
(B) introduce the issue of fluoride’s toxicity
(C) differentiate a toxic from a nontoxic amount of fluoride
(D) indicate that necessary knowledge of fluoride remains incomplete
(E) discuss the foodstuffs that are most likely to contain significant concentrations of fluoride
(A) raise doubts about fluoride’s toxicity
(B) introduce the issue of fluoride’s toxicity
(C) differentiate a toxic from a nontoxic amount of fluoride
(D) indicate that necessary knowledge of fluoride remains incomplete
(E) discuss the foodstuffs that are most likely to contain significant concentrations of fluoride
4. The passage suggests which of the following about the effect of fluoride on humans?
(A) The effect is more easily measured than is the effect of exposure to pesticides.
(B) The effect of fluoride intake from water and air is relatively difficult to monitor.
(C) In general the effect is not likely to be as harmful as the effect of exposure to sulfur dioxide.
(D) An intake of 4 milligrams over a long period of time usually leads to a skeletal disorder in humans.
(E) An intake of slightly more than 4 milligrams for only a few months is not likely to be life-threatening.
(A) The effect is more easily measured than is the effect of exposure to pesticides.
(B) The effect of fluoride intake from water and air is relatively difficult to monitor.
(C) In general the effect is not likely to be as harmful as the effect of exposure to sulfur dioxide.
(D) An intake of 4 milligrams over a long period of time usually leads to a skeletal disorder in humans.
(E) An intake of slightly more than 4 milligrams for only a few months is not likely to be life-threatening.
27 Jan 2020, 11:32
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All correct in 3 mins 20 seconds, including 1 mins 30 seconds to read.
Para 1- success of fluoride in combating dental decay; fluoride’s toxic properties
Para 2- questions about usage; we should by wary of indiscriminately using fluoride
1. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
(D) describing and cautioning - the author describes the issues related with fluoride usage and cautions at the end-"we should by wary of indiscriminately using fluoride"
2. The passage suggests that it would be easier to calculate fluoride intake from food if
(B) individual eating habits were more uniform - Correct
And while fluoride intake from water and air can be evaluated relatively easily, it is much harder to estimate how much a given population ingests from foodstuffs because of the wide variations in individual eating habits and in fluoride concentrations in foodstuffs.
3. One function of the second paragraph of the passage is to
(D) indicate that necessary knowledge of fluoride remains incomplete- Correct, the precise lower limit at which the fluoride content of bone becomes toxic is still undetermined and estimation of fluoride intake from food.
4. The passage suggests which of the following about the effect of fluoride on humans?
(D) An intake of 4 milligrams over a long period of time usually leads to a skeletal disorder in humans.- incorrect, the excessive intake in over 4 mg per day not over a long period.
In humans excessive intake (for adults, over 4 milligrams per day) over many years can lead to skeletal fluorosis
(E) An intake of slightly more than 4 milligrams for only a few months is not likely to be life-threatening.- Correct
Para 1- success of fluoride in combating dental decay; fluoride’s toxic properties
Para 2- questions about usage; we should by wary of indiscriminately using fluoride
1. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
(D) describing and cautioning - the author describes the issues related with fluoride usage and cautions at the end-"we should by wary of indiscriminately using fluoride"
2. The passage suggests that it would be easier to calculate fluoride intake from food if
(B) individual eating habits were more uniform - Correct
And while fluoride intake from water and air can be evaluated relatively easily, it is much harder to estimate how much a given population ingests from foodstuffs because of the wide variations in individual eating habits and in fluoride concentrations in foodstuffs.
3. One function of the second paragraph of the passage is to
(D) indicate that necessary knowledge of fluoride remains incomplete- Correct, the precise lower limit at which the fluoride content of bone becomes toxic is still undetermined and estimation of fluoride intake from food.
4. The passage suggests which of the following about the effect of fluoride on humans?
(D) An intake of 4 milligrams over a long period of time usually leads to a skeletal disorder in humans.- incorrect, the excessive intake in over 4 mg per day not over a long period.
In humans excessive intake (for adults, over 4 milligrams per day) over many years can lead to skeletal fluorosis
(E) An intake of slightly more than 4 milligrams for only a few months is not likely to be life-threatening.- Correct
16 Jun 2020, 04:07
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1. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
The first paragraph describes the problems with excess fluorine, whereas the second paragraph issues a note of caution against indiscriminate usage of fluorine composed substances. This thought is perfectly described in (D)
(D) describing and cautioning
Hence, (D) is the right answer choice.
2. The passage suggests that it would be easier to calculate fluoride intake from food if
In the first paragraph, "variation in diets'' and ''variations in fluorine concentrations'' are cited as reasons why it is difficult to calculate fluorine intake from food. Hence, (B) represents a possible correction that would make it easier for us to determine fluoride intake from food.
(B) individual eating habits were more uniform
Hence, (B) is the right answer choice.
3. One function of the second paragraph of the passage is to
The answer to this question lies in the first sentence of the second paragraph "Some important questions remain". Only (D) describes this thought perfectly
(D) indicate that necessary knowledge of fluoride remains incomplete
hence, (D) is the right answer choice.
4. The passage suggests which of the following about the effect of fluoride on humans?
The passage mentions that if humans consumer over 4 milligrams of fluorine everyday for several years, then humans may suffer from skeletal fluorosis, a well-defined skeletal disorder.
(E) An intake of slightly more than 4 milligrams for only a few months is not likely to be life-threatening. - according to the information in the passage, if humans consume over 4 milligrams of fluorine everyday for several years, then humans may suffer from skeletal fluorosis, a well-defined skeletal disorder. From this statement, we can reasonably infer that if humans consume more than 4 milligrams of fluorine everyday for only a few months, then it is likely that these humans may not suffer from any life-threatening issues.
Hence, (E) is the right answer choice.
The first paragraph describes the problems with excess fluorine, whereas the second paragraph issues a note of caution against indiscriminate usage of fluorine composed substances. This thought is perfectly described in (D)
(D) describing and cautioning
Hence, (D) is the right answer choice.
2. The passage suggests that it would be easier to calculate fluoride intake from food if
In the first paragraph, "variation in diets'' and ''variations in fluorine concentrations'' are cited as reasons why it is difficult to calculate fluorine intake from food. Hence, (B) represents a possible correction that would make it easier for us to determine fluoride intake from food.
(B) individual eating habits were more uniform
Hence, (B) is the right answer choice.
3. One function of the second paragraph of the passage is to
The answer to this question lies in the first sentence of the second paragraph "Some important questions remain". Only (D) describes this thought perfectly
(D) indicate that necessary knowledge of fluoride remains incomplete
hence, (D) is the right answer choice.
4. The passage suggests which of the following about the effect of fluoride on humans?
The passage mentions that if humans consumer over 4 milligrams of fluorine everyday for several years, then humans may suffer from skeletal fluorosis, a well-defined skeletal disorder.
(E) An intake of slightly more than 4 milligrams for only a few months is not likely to be life-threatening. - according to the information in the passage, if humans consume over 4 milligrams of fluorine everyday for several years, then humans may suffer from skeletal fluorosis, a well-defined skeletal disorder. From this statement, we can reasonably infer that if humans consume more than 4 milligrams of fluorine everyday for only a few months, then it is likely that these humans may not suffer from any life-threatening issues.
Hence, (E) is the right answer choice.
