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Updated on: 23 Jun 2020, 07:33
Originally posted by carcass on 12 Feb 2019, 12:20.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 23 Jun 2020, 07:33, edited 3 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 23 Jun 2020, 07:33, edited 3 times in total.
Updated - Complete topic (1049).
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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
45% (02:18) correct
55%
(02:25) wrong
based on 829
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
73% (00:55) correct 27%
(01:07) wrong
based on 787
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
48% (01:17) correct 52%
(01:31) wrong
based on 778
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
40% (01:40) correct 60%
(01:44) wrong
based on 707
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
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Passage # 167 Date: 23-Jun-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
Passage # 167 Date: 23-Jun-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these "normal" rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor, are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver's relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient's donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.
E
(A) Explicate their main features
(B) Suggest an alternative to them
(C) Examine their virtues and limitations
(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them
(E) Present findings that qualify them
C
(A) size of their livers
(B) constitution of their skin
(C) strength of their immune-response reactions
(D) sensitivity of their antigens
(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes
D
(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched
(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver
(C) subsequently transplanted organ is able to repair the damage caused by the recipient's immune-response reaction
(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient's immune-response reaction
(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction
A
I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.
II. Increasing the strength of the recipient's immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.
III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.
IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.
(A) II only
(B) I and III only
(C) II and IV only
(D) I,II, and III only
(E) I, III, and IV only
27 Feb 2019, 20:19
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28 Feb 2019, 11:02
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The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?
(A) Explicate their main features
Nope. here the explanations regarding why usually the transplant does not work or has difficult to work out and a new way to implement it thanks to new observations
(B) Suggest an alternative to them
Nope At all
(C) Examine their virtues and limitations
Nothing is said about any limitation. Kind of, a way to bypass such limitations
(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them
No critics emerged in the passage.
(E) Present findings that qualify them
The right one.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the
(A) size of their livers
(B) constitution of their skin
(C) strength of their immune-response reactions
(D) sensitivity of their antigens
(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes
C is the best answer. A and B are no way mentioned in the passage. Nor sensistivity or adaptability.
For the third one the answer is in this sentence of the passage
I.E the liver protects itself. As such, it is still the locus or site o the immune system.
For the fourth one, this is really tough, following the answer's order, we do have
I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases
This is not true because the answers says that the stomach is accepted in all cases but we do know that in this scenario when rats are transplanted is a case of donor-specific
II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce livertransplant rejection
This is true. We do know that rats have a sort of donor-specific unresponsiveness, which means that in general takes place the rejection. The rats have this capacity.
III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation
this is not true. We do know that the case is donor-specific NOT any others
IV. Prevailing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants
This is not true. It is exactly the contrary. We do have a concentration of lymphocytes in rats' liver for not having rejection from a specific donor.
Hope this helps
regards
(A) Explicate their main features
Nope. here the explanations regarding why usually the transplant does not work or has difficult to work out and a new way to implement it thanks to new observations
(B) Suggest an alternative to them
Nope At all
(C) Examine their virtues and limitations
Nothing is said about any limitation. Kind of, a way to bypass such limitations
(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them
No critics emerged in the passage.
(E) Present findings that qualify them
The right one.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the
(A) size of their livers
(B) constitution of their skin
(C) strength of their immune-response reactions
(D) sensitivity of their antigens
(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes
Quote:
Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver's relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage
C is the best answer. A and B are no way mentioned in the passage. Nor sensistivity or adaptability.
For the third one the answer is in this sentence of the passage
Quote:
Our hypothesis is that many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage
I.E the liver protects itself. As such, it is still the locus or site o the immune system.
For the fourth one, this is really tough, following the answer's order, we do have
I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases
This is not true because the answers says that the stomach is accepted in all cases but we do know that in this scenario when rats are transplanted is a case of donor-specific
II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce livertransplant rejection
This is true. We do know that rats have a sort of donor-specific unresponsiveness, which means that in general takes place the rejection. The rats have this capacity.
III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation
this is not true. We do know that the case is donor-specific NOT any others
IV. Prevailing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants
This is not true. It is exactly the contrary. We do have a concentration of lymphocytes in rats' liver for not having rejection from a specific donor.
Hope this helps
regards
