Official Explanation
The intended core meaning of the sentence: That adrenaline can help endure pain, but can hamper one's understanding of the damage caused.
Reasoning around the blank space: The catch for filling the blank in this sentence lies in identifying the contrast in the usage “THOUGH BENEFICIAL...increased pain tolerance... adrenaline can ALSO _____ one’s UNDERSTANDING of DAMAGE to...body”, which implies a difference between the short-term benefits of adrenaline-induced pain tolerance and its long-term negative consequences; this contrast suggests that the sentence intends to convey that though adrenaline is beneficial in the short term, the increased pain tolerance provided by adrenaline can also hamper one’s understanding of the damage done to one’s body. Hence, for the blank, we need a word that conveys the idea of adrenaline “hampering” one’s understanding of the damage done to one’s body.
Broad expectation from the correct answer choice: A word conveying the idea of “hampering” or “twisting”.
A. This answer choice, “conciliate”, meaning “to win over or reconcile to someone”, does not match.
B. This answer choice, “ruminate”, meaning “to think deeply about something”, does not match our broad expectation. Hence, this answer choice is incorrect.
C. Correct. This answer choice, “occlude”, meaning “to block or hinder something”, matches our broad expectation from the correct answer choice, which is to convey the idea of “hampering” or “twisting”. Hence, this answer choice is correct.
D. This answer choice, “satiate”, meaning “to fully satisfy”, does not match our broad expectation from the correct answer choice.
E. This answer choice, “enhance”, meaning “to improve or make better”, is opposite to our broad expectation from the correct answer choice, which is to convey the idea of “hampering” or “twisting”. Hence, this answer choice is incorrect.
Thus, C is the correct answer choice.