Events & Promotions
|
|
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
Track
Your Progress
Practice
Pays
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Nov 2007:30 AM PST
-08:30 AM PST
Learn what truly sets the UC Riverside MBA apart and how it helps in your professional growth
Nov 2211:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Do RC/MSR passages scare you? e-GMAT is conducting a masterclass to help you learn – Learn effective reading strategies Tackle difficult RC & MSR with confidence Excel in timed test environment- Nov 23
11:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Attend this free GMAT Algebra Webinar and learn how to master the most challenging Inequalities and Absolute Value problems with ease. 
Nov 2510:00 AM EST
-11:00 AM EST
Prefer video-based learning? The Target Test Prep OnDemand course is a one-of-a-kind video masterclass featuring 400 hours of lecture-style teaching by Scott Woodbury-Stewart, founder of Target Test Prep and one of the most accomplished GMAT instructors.
17 Aug 2023, 07:00
Kudos
Bookmarks
Question 1
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
87% (03:26) correct
13%
(02:03) wrong
based on 98
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
36% (01:21) correct 64%
(01:24) wrong
based on 110
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
71% (01:16) correct 29%
(01:12) wrong
based on 104
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
54% (01:15) correct 46%
(00:52) wrong
based on 102
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Today, there is a fairly standard model of the factors leading to heart disease. Most heart disease is caused by growth of fatty deposits, known as atherosclerotic plaques, in coronary artery walls. Plaques narrow the width of arteries and lead to the formation of clots that can block the flow of blood, eventually causing a heart attack. Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes increase the risk of heart disease. High levels of cholesterol and saturated fats in the diet also increase the risk because they contribute to plaque formation.
A sizeable minority of coronary patients, however, experience heart attacks even though they display few or no standard risk factors. Recent research by Richard M. Lawn suggests that lipoprotein(a), a blood protein first isolated in the 1960s, may play a major role in such cases. Excessive levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with strokes, heart attacks, and the narrowing of coronary arteries. In fact, males with high lipoprotein(a) levels account for about one quarter of male heart attack victims under the age of 60.
Lipoprotein(a) is closely related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a major contributor to atherosclerosis. As a group, lipoproteins absorb and transport fatty substances, including cholesterol, to various sites in the body. High-density lipoproteins, or HDLs, are protective and carry cholesterol to the liver for later use in the synthesis of important hormones; LDLs, however, deposit cholesterol in the bloodstream, including in coronary arteries, where it contributes to plaque formation. Lipoprotein(a) has almost the same complex structure as LDL, with an additional surface protein called apolipoprotein(a). Apolipoprotein(a) resembles plasminogen, a protein that binds with and dissolves fibrin, a key component of blood clots. Unlike plasminogen, however, apolipoprotein(a) does not dissolve fibrin.
A theory that would adequately explain how lipoprotein(a) operates has yet to be developed. But there is speculation that when too much lipoprotein(a) is present in the arteries, it may compete with plasminogen for access to fibrin in arterial blood clots. Since lipoprotein(a) cannot dissolve fibrin, the dissolution of clots is hampered, increasing the risk of arterial blockage. Another negative function has been suggested as well: lipoprotein(a), which enters blood vessel walls inside white blood cells known as macrophages, may prompt the release of growth factors by macrophages that thicken artery walls.
A sizeable minority of coronary patients, however, experience heart attacks even though they display few or no standard risk factors. Recent research by Richard M. Lawn suggests that lipoprotein(a), a blood protein first isolated in the 1960s, may play a major role in such cases. Excessive levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with strokes, heart attacks, and the narrowing of coronary arteries. In fact, males with high lipoprotein(a) levels account for about one quarter of male heart attack victims under the age of 60.
Lipoprotein(a) is closely related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a major contributor to atherosclerosis. As a group, lipoproteins absorb and transport fatty substances, including cholesterol, to various sites in the body. High-density lipoproteins, or HDLs, are protective and carry cholesterol to the liver for later use in the synthesis of important hormones; LDLs, however, deposit cholesterol in the bloodstream, including in coronary arteries, where it contributes to plaque formation. Lipoprotein(a) has almost the same complex structure as LDL, with an additional surface protein called apolipoprotein(a). Apolipoprotein(a) resembles plasminogen, a protein that binds with and dissolves fibrin, a key component of blood clots. Unlike plasminogen, however, apolipoprotein(a) does not dissolve fibrin.
A theory that would adequately explain how lipoprotein(a) operates has yet to be developed. But there is speculation that when too much lipoprotein(a) is present in the arteries, it may compete with plasminogen for access to fibrin in arterial blood clots. Since lipoprotein(a) cannot dissolve fibrin, the dissolution of clots is hampered, increasing the risk of arterial blockage. Another negative function has been suggested as well: lipoprotein(a), which enters blood vessel walls inside white blood cells known as macrophages, may prompt the release of growth factors by macrophages that thicken artery walls.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
A. discussing the possible role of lipoprotein(a) in some cases of heart disease
B. refuting the standard model of risk factors that may lead to heart disease
C. examining the evidence for two opposing theories about the function of lipoprotein(a)
D. suggesting ways that individuals prone to heart disease can reduce their risk
E. proposing that the structure of plasminogen is similar to the structure of apolipoprotein(a)
A. discussing the possible role of lipoprotein(a) in some cases of heart disease
B. refuting the standard model of risk factors that may lead to heart disease
C. examining the evidence for two opposing theories about the function of lipoprotein(a)
D. suggesting ways that individuals prone to heart disease can reduce their risk
E. proposing that the structure of plasminogen is similar to the structure of apolipoprotein(a)
2. The author suggests which of the following about the "standard model" of the causes of heart disease?
A. It misidentifies the most frequent causes of heart disease.
B. It has been undermined by research on lipoprotein(a).
C. It does not account for a significant number of heart disease cases.
D. It is no longer credible to most heart disease researchers.
E. It leads to errors in the treatment of heart disease patients.
A. It misidentifies the most frequent causes of heart disease.
B. It has been undermined by research on lipoprotein(a).
C. It does not account for a significant number of heart disease cases.
D. It is no longer credible to most heart disease researchers.
E. It leads to errors in the treatment of heart disease patients.
3. According to the passage, research has shown that lipoprotein(a)
A. is more closely related to plasminogen than to low-density lipoprotein
B. functions in the same way as low-density lipoprotein
C. may decrease the risk of heart disease for some people
D. resembles low-density lipoprotein in structure
E. plays a role in preventing arterial blood clots
A. is more closely related to plasminogen than to low-density lipoprotein
B. functions in the same way as low-density lipoprotein
C. may decrease the risk of heart disease for some people
D. resembles low-density lipoprotein in structure
E. plays a role in preventing arterial blood clots
4. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the theory that lipoprotein(a) contributes to heart disease?
A. It aids in lowering the body's blood pressure.
B. It interferes with clot formation in coronary arteries.
C. It is more closely related to high-density lipoprotein than to low-density lipoprotein.
D. It assists in transporting cholesterol to the liver.
E. It causes the release of growth factors in blood vessels.
A. It aids in lowering the body's blood pressure.
B. It interferes with clot formation in coronary arteries.
C. It is more closely related to high-density lipoprotein than to low-density lipoprotein.
D. It assists in transporting cholesterol to the liver.
E. It causes the release of growth factors in blood vessels.
RC Butler 2023 - Practice Two RC Passages Everyday.
Passage # 284 Date: 17 Aug-2023
This question is part of RC Butler 2023. Click here for Details
Passage # 284 Date: 17 Aug-2023
This question is part of RC Butler 2023. Click here for Details
19 Oct 2023, 12:51
Kudos
Bookmarks
May you please explain the reasoning behind question 2. I put B, because it says at the beginning of paragraph 2 that only a SIZEABLE minority are coronary patients ( and that therefore all the other causes are contained/ explained by the standard model )
Thank you in advance.
Thank you in advance.
19 Oct 2023, 23:37
Kudos
Bookmarks
ale_sicheri
Official Explanation
2. The author suggests which of the following about the "standard model" of the causes of heart disease?
Difficulty Level: Hard
Explanation
Analyze the question stem
The keyword "suggests" identifies this as an Inference question.
Research
The "standard model" of the causes of heart disease is discussed in the first paragraph. Inventory the information found there and consult the passage map to determine how this information contributes to the author's purpose.
Make a prediction
From the first paragraph, the standard model of the causes of heart disease is the growth of plaques; contributing factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and high levels of cholesterol and saturated fats. The purpose of the passage is to describe how this model does not account for some cases and to offer a proposed explanation for those cases.
Evaluate the answer choices
(C) matches the prediction and is correct.
(A) can be eliminated at the word "misidentifies." This neutral passage that describes a possible additional contributor to heart disease does not criticize the standard model.
(B) can be eliminated at the word "undermined," (C) at the words "no longer credible," and (E) at the words "leads to errors." Again, the passage does not criticize the standard model.
Answer: C
Difficulty Level: Hard
Explanation
Analyze the question stem
The keyword "suggests" identifies this as an Inference question.
Research
The "standard model" of the causes of heart disease is discussed in the first paragraph. Inventory the information found there and consult the passage map to determine how this information contributes to the author's purpose.
Make a prediction
From the first paragraph, the standard model of the causes of heart disease is the growth of plaques; contributing factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and high levels of cholesterol and saturated fats. The purpose of the passage is to describe how this model does not account for some cases and to offer a proposed explanation for those cases.
Evaluate the answer choices
(C) matches the prediction and is correct.
(A) can be eliminated at the word "misidentifies." This neutral passage that describes a possible additional contributor to heart disease does not criticize the standard model.
(B) can be eliminated at the word "undermined," (C) at the words "no longer credible," and (E) at the words "leads to errors." Again, the passage does not criticize the standard model.
Answer: C
