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himanshu0123
in choice B] Please review my analysis below.

-''an era during which the city was transformed''

Here, ''an era'' is a noun
''during which'' is a preposition
''the city'' subject along with a verb 'was'

will the whole expression be called a sentence or a fragment aka absolute modifier?

confusion is that there is no relative pronoun but a preposition (which) acting as a connector for '' city was transformed''. Will we still call it an absolute modifier?

It is a noun modifier (used commonly in GMAT).

an era during which ...
a phenomenon explaining ...
a finding that ...
etc.

The structure is 'noun + modifier'. They modify a preceding noun or the entire clause. The modifier is usually a relative clause or a participial modifier.

'an era' is the noun and 'during which the city was transformed' is the relative modifier. In these modifiers, sometimes, the preposition is placed before the relative clause.

Sentence:
The city was transformed during this era...

As a relative clause modifying 'era', we write it as:
...an era during which the city was transformed...
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