Previous hypotheses about the probable place of origin of the ancestor

Question

Paleobiologist:  Previous hypotheses about the probable place of origin of the ancestor of Perezia place its genesis either in the warm open forests of extratropical South America, such as the montane habitats of the central Andes with elements that further colonized the southern areas, or eastern subtropical South America based on the basal position of the Brazilian-centered Perezia multiflora species group. Our results are in disagreement with both hypotheses. The ancestral areas and dispersal-vicariance approaches are in agreement, and strongly support the southern Andes as the probable ancestral area for Perezia; this is also the area that holds the majority of species in the genus. This southern location is also congruent with the fossil record of the early diverging lineages of the family that includes Perezia. Several fossils of early branching lineages of Asteraceae have been found from the Paleogene in southwestern Argentina, the earliest from the middle Eocene.

Based on the information in the passage, select the strongest Methodological reason the paleobiologist has presented for proposing an alternative hypothesis regarding the origin of the ancestor of Perezia and the strongest Empirical reason presented for proposing the alternative hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Sajjad1994 · Accepted Answer

Explanation This question is very hard, the language used in the passage is hard to comprehend by a non-native of English. I read it twice to under stand the logic

Let me try to explain. Previous hypotheses about the probable place of origin of the ancestor of Perezia place its genesis either in the warm open forests of extratropical South America , such as the montane habitats of the central Andes with elements that further colonized the southern areas, or eastern subtropical South America based on the basal position of the Brazilian-centered Perezia multiflora species group. Our results are in disagreement with both hypotheses. The ancestral areas and dispersal-vicariance approaches are in agreement, and strongly support the southern Andes as the probable ancestral area for Perezia; this is also the area that holds the majority of species in the genus . This southern location is also congruent with the fossil record of the early diverging lineages of the family that includes Perezia. Several fossils of early branching lineages of Asteraceae have been found from the Paleogene in southwestern Argentina, the earliest from the middle Eocene. Local temperatures : No such evidence discussing the temperature is available in the passage. Neither for the methodological reason nor for the empirical relation. Geographic latitude : This seems related up to some extent as geographic about are discussed in the passage within minimum amount. Let's find a better option than this. Multiple evaluative measures : Hmm. This seems more related to the passage than above option, the words location, genus and area shows the diversification of the evaluation so this could fit the Methodological reason . Let's keep it. Proximity to related species : This also seems related to the passage and more connected, the words fossil record, early diverging lineages and early branching lineages shows it could be the Empirical reason , lets keep it too and try to find something better than this. Asteraceae lineages: Not looking better than the previous options. Eocene fossil records: This is a very tiny fraction of the passage which can not hold such value to be picked up as Methodological reason or Empirical reason. Only three options Geographic latitude, Multiple evaluative measures and Proximity to related species are related and Multiple evaluative measures fits to Methodological reason while Proximity to related species fits within the Empirical reason.

rocky620 · Answer

Based on the information in the passage, select the strongest Methodological reason the paleobiologist has presented for proposing an alternative hypothesis regarding the origin of the ancestor of Perezia and the strongest Empirical reason presented for proposing the alternative hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Earlier Belief -   Perezia origin place - warm open forests of extratropical South America or eastern subtropical South America

Paleobiologists belief -  Our results are in disagreement with both hypotheses. The ancestral areas and dispersal-vicariance approaches are in agreement, and strongly support the  southern Andes as the probable ancestral area for Perezia ; this is also the area that holds the majority of species in the genus. This southern location is also congruent with the fossil record of the early diverging lineages of the family that includes Perezia

The last part is an extra information about some other other lineages - lineages of Asteraceae - which is not our concern.
 
 Local temperatures -  Temperatures are mentioned to support earlier belief. It is none of the method.

Geographic latitude -  It Is Empirical Method . Since it is mentioned that "this is also the area that holds the majority of species in the genus". Data centered approach on Geographical front.

Multiple evaluative measures -  It is Methodological Approach . Since it is mentioned "The ancestral areas and dispersal-vicariance approaches are in agreement"

Proximity to related species...... This is a weak choice.  Had it been on the lines of " fossil record of the early diverging lineages of the family that includes Perezia " we could have considered it an Empirical method.  Since we have found better choices. Lets discard it.

Asteraceae lineages....... OFS

Eocene fossil records........ are related to lineages of Asteraceae and not Perezia

Sumi1010 · Answer

Earlier Hypothesis - 
origins of the ancestor of Perezia - 
1.forests of extratropical South America 2. eastern subtropical South America

Paleontologist Hypothesis -
 Southern Andes as the probable ancestral area for Perezia.

Based on the information in the passage, select the strongest  Methodological reason  the paleobiologist has presented for proposing an alternative hypothesis regarding the origin of the ancestor of Perezia and the strongest  Empirical reason  presented for proposing the alternative hypothesis. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Methodological reason - Proximity to related species 
 (..this is also the area that holds the majority of species in the genus) 
 Empirical reason - Asteraceae lineages 
 (this southern location is also congruent with the fossil record of the early diverging lineages of the family that includes Perezia. Several fossils of early branching lineages of Asteraceae have been found..)

Sajjad1994 · Answer

This is a hard question, but good try by both of you  rocky620  and  Sumi1010

Next questions will be posted on Monday at 8 am PDT. IR Butler competition point table to follow shortly.

rocky620 · Answer

Hi  Sajjad1994 , can you provide the OE for this ques.

Thanks.

Gemmie · Answer

The Methodological reason for proposing an alternative hypothesis regarding the origin of the ancestor of Perezia as "Multiple evaluative measures" is because the paleobiologist likely utilized a combination of different methods or approaches to analyze the data. They didn't rely solely on one hypothesis or one type of evidence but instead considered multiple factors, such as ancestral areas, dispersal-vicariance approaches, and the fossil record, to arrive at their conclusion. This indicates a comprehensive and rigorous methodology in their analysis.

The Empirical reason for proposing the alternative hypothesis as "Proximity to related species" is because the paleobiologist mentions that the majority of Perezia species are found in the southern Andes, which is also where the probable ancestral area is proposed to be. This suggests that the distribution and proximity of extant species within the genus played a role in determining the likely origin of their ancestor

Previous hypotheses about the probable place of origin of the ancestor

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Methodological reason	Empirical reason
		Local temperatures
		Geographic latitude
		Multiple evaluative measures
		Proximity to related species
		Asteraceae lineages
		Eocene fossil records

GMAT Two-part Analysis (TPA) Questions

Previous hypotheses about the probable place of origin of the ancestor

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My Rewards