In 49 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, one of the most

Question

In 49 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, one of the most powerful generals in the Republic, shocked his supporters, enemies, and rivals by crossing the Rubicon river into Italy,  leading towards Rome the nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as  his most loyal troops.

A) leading towards Rome the nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as
B) leading towards Rome nearly the 4,000 soldiers regarded
C) and led towards Rome nearly 4,000 soldiers, who were regarded
D) and led towards Rome nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as
E) and he led towards Rome the more than 4,000 soldiers who were regarded

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elegantm · Accepted Answer

In 49 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, one of the most powerful generals in the Republic, shocked his supporters, enemies, and rivals by crossing the Rubicon river into Italy,  leading towards Rome the nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as  his most loyal troops.

A) leading towards Rome the nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as
 CORRECT 
B) leading towards Rome nearly the 4,000 soldiers  regarded 
 REGARD AS is correct idiomatically. Moreover, lack of use of WHO distorts the original intent. Hence Incorrect.  
C)  and  led towards Rome nearly 4,000 soldiers, who were  regarded 
 REGARD AS is correct idiomatically. Moreover, use of AND is incorrect since "March to Rome" and "Shocking" were not two different acts. Hence Incorrect.  
D)  and  led towards Rome nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as
 Use of AND is incorrect since "March to Rome" and "Shocking" were not two different acts. Hence Incorrect.  
E)  and  he led towards Rome the more than 4,000 soldiers who were  regarded 
 REGARD AS is correct idiomatically. Moreover, use of AND is incorrect since "March to Rome" and "Shocking" were not two different acts. Hence Incorrect.

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sandysilva · Answer

Hi Nicole, it is not necessary that verb-ing only modifies the preceding noun. There are many other functions that verb-ing performs.
For instance Express causality . 
A thing to note is Comma+ verb-ing generally performs two functions which you may remember in future.
These functions are :-

1. Comma+verb-ing modifies the verb of preceding clause . Here verb-ing presents the reason for "how the action happened"
 Ex. - Amy skipped school, giving the excuse of stomach ache.
 how amy skipped school ? by giving excuse of stomach ache. 
 Now a thing to remember here is when comma+ verb-ing modifies the verb the Doers should be the same for both the verb and verb-ing .
like in this case it is Amy - Amy skipped the school , Amy gave the excuse.

Now consider this example. Joe became the CFO of the company, increasing his pay significantly.
In this sentence Comma+verb-ing is modifying the verb Became ,however it is incorrect. You may ask why ?
It is so because the Doers must be same for Comma+verb-ing modifier modifying the verb. So in this sentence Joe became CFO and Joe increasing his pay is non sensical.

2. The second function of Comma+verbing modifier is to present the result of the action.

Ex- Mary made a bouquet, winning appreciation from everyone.
Here modifier Comma+verb-ing provides result of the action . Notice in this case also Doers must be same for Modified action ( main verb) and Modifier ( Comma+verb-ing)

One more example. B.P. corporations drilled sea oil wells, destroying coral reef. 
Verb-ing presenting result and Doers are same.

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Sangeeta2018 · Answer

IMO A

A--correct idiom usage.regarded as=considered as.
B--wrong idiom.
C--- regarded is incorrect idiom usage.regarded means observed or looked upon.
D---missing subject after comma+And.
E--the more than 4000 is wordy.Also wrong idiom.

Makesh617 · Answer

Regard as is correct idiom so only A and D are left. D is correct

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ShyamSanghvi · Answer

In 49 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, one of the most powerful generals in the Republic, shocked his supporters, enemies, and rivals by crossing the Rubicon river into Italy, leading towards Rome the nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as his most loyal troops.

A) leading towards Rome the nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as
B) leading towards Rome nearly the 4,000 soldiers regarded
C) and led towards Rome nearly 4,000 soldiers, who were regarded
D) and led towards Rome nearly 4,000 soldiers who were regarded as
E) and he led towards Rome the more than 4,000 soldiers who were regarded

Takdir · Answer

explanation please

pra1785 · Answer

Hi Takdir,

The correct idiom is regarded as.

This leaves us with option A and D. option A follows parallelism unlike D that starts with 'and led'.

Hence option A is correct.

goal2016 · Answer

I think the answer should be A.
There are three problems - 
1) usage of idiom - regarded as - the correct usage
2) leading - is a modifier to the action - crossing the river into Italy.
How did he crossed the river and so attack, by leading 4000 soldiers 
3) Usage of "and". 
There are not two actions - crossing the river and leading the soldiers. "leading the solders" modifies the crossing the river so, we don't need "and".

Please correct me, if its wrong way to eliminate.

daagh · Answer

Notwithstanding other idiom issues, the full import of the original version can be seen in the use of the definite article ' the' in choices A and E to denote the number of slaves that Carter freed. The choices that do not use the definite article, indicate that he freed only some 500 of the unspecified much larger force that he was holding. That he freed them lock, stock and barrel is the cornerstone of the surprise and shock that his act imparted. 
Extrapolating the analogy to Caesar's case, choices A and E make it clear that the General led all of his troops. However, E is dropped because of the idiom issue.

NicoleJaneway · Answer

The OA seems to imply that the Rubicon is leading towards Rome... help?

juanito1985 · Answer

IMO is D, "he shocked"and then "he led".
No sense for using the modifier Leading. It incorrectly modifies the rubicon river.

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juanito1985 · Answer

You are totally right Sandysilva!
I reviewed the verb+ing modifier lesson from e-gmat as well, and now "leading" makes perfect sense to me.

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sandysilva · Answer

Good to know it helped. !
Yes Egmat also explains it in detail . They have this file covered in their free trial .

sayantanc2k · Answer

A present participle modifier separated by a comma (after a clause) acts as a verb modifier referring to the verb of the previous clause. Take the following example:

I walked along the river, thinking about the incident.

The river was not thinking - the modifier "thinking about the incident" refers to the verb "walked". How I walked? - "thinking about the incident".

sarathgopinath · Answer

Hi daagh

I'm slightly confused here about 2 things.
1) The question stem anyway uses the word nearly. So we are not clear about the exact number even if we use the article 'the'. Please correct me if I'm wrong here. I do realize the purpose of using a definite article but I'm not able to understand that from this context.

2)Can we eliminate D for the comma issue?
Is it always true that if only 2 elements are there, we should not use a comma?
I don't remember the source, but I have read somewhere that usage of a comma with 2 elements is optional.
May be I'm wrong.

Please help

daagh · Answer

The original

I wrote

Sarath wrote.

1. 'The' refers to the absoluteness of the number. The crux of the passage is that he came forward whole-heartedly to do it signifies the import. 'Nearly' will not match the totality of the theme. Just ponder, if Carter had retained some ten of them, the emancipation deed would not be so monumental. 
2. The OA of the OG version says that -- --- It does not care too much about the use of commas between two elements as in this case. Why should we bother then?

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