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11 Aug 2020, 21:38
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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
72% (01:12) correct
28%
(01:12)
wrong
based on 401
sessions
History
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Time
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The globe’s southernmost continent has not always been ice-bound: the discovery of fossil ferns from the Cretaceous Era indicates that Antarctica was once a warm place, and many plant and animal species living quite comfortably close to the South Pole.
A) place, and many plant and animal species living quite comfortably close
B) place, and many plant and animal species would live quite comfortably close
C) place, and many plant and animal species had lived quite comfortably close
D) place and that many plant and animal species lived quite comfortably close
E) place, with many plant and animal species living quite comfortably and in close proximity
11 Aug 2020, 23:28
Kudos
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Meaning:
The discovery of fossil ferns.. indicates two things
1.Antarctica was once a warm place
2.Many plant and animal species living quite comfortably
Error:
1. We need to use simple past to maintain parallelism and show two events occurred at past
2. 'That' has different uses in GMAT. If that is used as a connector in a sentence, its better to repeat that to maintain parallelism.
POE:
A) place, and many plant and animal species living quite comfortably close
=> SV error: many plant and animal species living quite comfortably close (need to use simple past 'lived')
B) place, and many plant and animal species would live quite comfortably close
=> Parallelism error: that Antarctica was once a warm place, and many plant and animal species would live (Both parts indicate a one time event in past, so we need to use simple past)
C) place, and many plant and animal species had lived quite comfortably close
=> We are dealing with a one time event in past, no need to use past perfect as there is no sequence of event in past
=> Parallelism error
D) place and that many plant and animal species lived quite comfortably close
=> that Antarctica was once a warm place, and that many plant and animal species lived
E) place, with many plant and animal species living quite comfortably and in close proximity
=> Meaning error: Two independent events are linked by using 'with'
The discovery of fossil ferns.. indicates two things
1.Antarctica was once a warm place
2.Many plant and animal species living quite comfortably
Error:
1. We need to use simple past to maintain parallelism and show two events occurred at past
2. 'That' has different uses in GMAT. If that is used as a connector in a sentence, its better to repeat that to maintain parallelism.
POE:
A) place, and many plant and animal species living quite comfortably close
=> SV error: many plant and animal species living quite comfortably close (need to use simple past 'lived')
B) place, and many plant and animal species would live quite comfortably close
=> Parallelism error: that Antarctica was once a warm place, and many plant and animal species would live (Both parts indicate a one time event in past, so we need to use simple past)
C) place, and many plant and animal species had lived quite comfortably close
=> We are dealing with a one time event in past, no need to use past perfect as there is no sequence of event in past
=> Parallelism error
D) place and that many plant and animal species lived quite comfortably close
=> that Antarctica was once a warm place, and that many plant and animal species lived
E) place, with many plant and animal species living quite comfortably and in close proximity
=> Meaning error: Two independent events are linked by using 'with'
General Discussion
11 Aug 2020, 21:38
Kudos
Bookmarks
OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
THE PROMPT
Let's strip and shorten the sentence:
The discovery of fossil ferns . . . indicates that Antarctica was once a warm place, and many . . . species living quite comfortably close to the South Pole.
The discovery indicates two things.
The discovery indicates that Antarctica was once a warm place . . . and [that?] many species ____ quite comfortably close to the South Pole.
• Split #1: verb tense
Although verb tenses can shift within a sentence, make sure that a good reason, such as a time change, underlies that shift.
In this case, the discovery of the fossil ferns indicates that two things were happening at the same time.
Antarctica was warm.
At the same time, many species lived quite comfortably close to the South Pole.
→ Option A incorrectly uses living, which is a verbal rather than a verb and hence cannot be parallel to was.
→ Option B incorrectly uses would live.
This situation is not a hypothetical (If I were you, I would . . .) or a repeated past action (When I was at HLS, I would stop for coffee every morning).
→ Option C incorrectly uses had lived.
Had lived is in past perfect tense, the "past of the past."
That tense is not appropriate.
The many species lived close to the South Pole at the same time as Antarctica was warm, but had lived indicates that the many species lived near the Pole before Antarctica was warm.
Eliminate options A, B, and C
• Split #2: there is no such thing as CLOSE PROXIMITY
Option E uses the phrase close proximity.
Proximity means closeness or nearness.
Close closeness?
No. Never. Not ever.
GMAC has tested this monstrous redundancy a few times.
(Okay, the redundancy is only monstrous when it is uttered by people such as NPR reporters who should know better.)
Eliminate E.
• Split #3: repetition of THAT
Although this rule is not ironclad, GMAC almost always repeats that when a verb is followed by two bits of information that should be that X and that Y clauses
We can compare options D and E.
→ (D): . . . the discovery indicates that Antarctica was warm and that many species lived comfortably close to the South Pole."
→ (E): . . . the discovery indicates that Antarctica was warm, with many species living comfortably [huh?] and in close proximity to the South Pole.
Option D is clearer and more parallel than option E.
→(D) uses indicates that . . . and that . . ., whereas (E) uses indicates that, with ABC
→ (D) contains two that-clauses and two simple past tense verbs whereas (E) contains a flabby "with" statement accompanied by weird adverbs ("comfortably"?) and dead wrong redundancy (close proximity)
Eliminate option E.
The answer is D
Notes
If you were short on time, you could use a 4-1 split in this question: when preceded by a word such as indicates, the word that is almost always repeated on the GMAT.
Only option D repeats that.
The basic structure: The discovery of fossil ferns indicates [that X and that Y].
Almost always, when one verb creates two that clauses, GMAC repeats that
-- This way is typical: The evidence demonstrated that Mr. X was innocent and that Mr. Y was guilty.
-- This way is not typical: The evidence demonstrated that Mr. X was innocent and Mr. Y was guilty.
→ Although the sentence is clear in this case, split it up.
The evidence demonstrated that Mr. X was innocent
AND
Mr. Y was guilty.
(In other words, without a repeated that, "Mr. Y was guilty" is just some separate, random fact having nothing to do with the evidence.)
COMMENTS
purvi4gmat , welcome to SC Butler.
I see people here who have not posted in Butler for a few days or weeks; I am always glad to have everyone.
These answers range from good to outstanding.
Aspirants will be helped by the diversity of style and analysis.
Nicely done.
Ranasaymon , I am bumping you to Best Community Reply.
Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)
Quote:
THE PROMPT
Quote:
Let's strip and shorten the sentence:
The discovery of fossil ferns . . . indicates that Antarctica was once a warm place, and many . . . species living quite comfortably close to the South Pole.
The discovery indicates two things.
The discovery indicates that Antarctica was once a warm place . . . and [that?] many species ____ quite comfortably close to the South Pole.
• Split #1: verb tense
Although verb tenses can shift within a sentence, make sure that a good reason, such as a time change, underlies that shift.
In this case, the discovery of the fossil ferns indicates that two things were happening at the same time.
Antarctica was warm.
At the same time, many species lived quite comfortably close to the South Pole.
→ Option A incorrectly uses living, which is a verbal rather than a verb and hence cannot be parallel to was.
→ Option B incorrectly uses would live.
This situation is not a hypothetical (If I were you, I would . . .) or a repeated past action (When I was at HLS, I would stop for coffee every morning).
→ Option C incorrectly uses had lived.
Had lived is in past perfect tense, the "past of the past."
That tense is not appropriate.
The many species lived close to the South Pole at the same time as Antarctica was warm, but had lived indicates that the many species lived near the Pole before Antarctica was warm.
Eliminate options A, B, and C
• Split #2: there is no such thing as CLOSE PROXIMITY
Option E uses the phrase close proximity.
Proximity means closeness or nearness.
Close closeness?
No. Never. Not ever.
GMAC has tested this monstrous redundancy a few times.
(Okay, the redundancy is only monstrous when it is uttered by people such as NPR reporters who should know better.)
Eliminate E.
• Split #3: repetition of THAT
Although this rule is not ironclad, GMAC almost always repeats that when a verb is followed by two bits of information that should be that X and that Y clauses
We can compare options D and E.
→ (D): . . . the discovery indicates that Antarctica was warm and that many species lived comfortably close to the South Pole."
→ (E): . . . the discovery indicates that Antarctica was warm, with many species living comfortably [huh?] and in close proximity to the South Pole.
Option D is clearer and more parallel than option E.
→(D) uses indicates that . . . and that . . ., whereas (E) uses indicates that, with ABC
→ (D) contains two that-clauses and two simple past tense verbs whereas (E) contains a flabby "with" statement accompanied by weird adverbs ("comfortably"?) and dead wrong redundancy (close proximity)
Eliminate option E.
The answer is D
Notes
If you were short on time, you could use a 4-1 split in this question: when preceded by a word such as indicates, the word that is almost always repeated on the GMAT.
Only option D repeats that.
The basic structure: The discovery of fossil ferns indicates [that X and that Y].
Almost always, when one verb creates two that clauses, GMAC repeats that
-- This way is typical: The evidence demonstrated that Mr. X was innocent and that Mr. Y was guilty.
-- This way is not typical: The evidence demonstrated that Mr. X was innocent and Mr. Y was guilty.
→ Although the sentence is clear in this case, split it up.
The evidence demonstrated that Mr. X was innocent
AND
Mr. Y was guilty.
(In other words, without a repeated that, "Mr. Y was guilty" is just some separate, random fact having nothing to do with the evidence.)
COMMENTS
purvi4gmat , welcome to SC Butler.
I see people here who have not posted in Butler for a few days or weeks; I am always glad to have everyone.
These answers range from good to outstanding.
Aspirants will be helped by the diversity of style and analysis.
Nicely done.
Ranasaymon , I am bumping you to Best Community Reply.
