Tecumseh urged all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to re

Question

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1) 
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Tecumseh urged  all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it there will be  common ownership of all tribal lands.
 
A) all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it there will be
 
B) that all Native American tribes, and even former enemies, resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it there would be
 
C) that all Native American tribes, even former enemies, should be resistant to the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it they would have
 
D) all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy under which there would be
 
E) all Native American tribes, and even former enemies, that they were to resist the cession of individual parcels of land, form an intertribal confederacy, and under it they would have

The official explanation is    here

zhanbo · Answer

My answer is  (D) . It took me 51 seconds.

(A) In reading A, I feel that "and under it" can be rephrased with "under which". It turns out that D does just that. I ended up reading (D) carefully and made the call to choose it. The analysis below happens after I made the call. 
(B) "and" in "and even former enemies" should not be used. "And under it" can be improved. 
(C) "should" should not be used. "be resistant" is not as string as "resist". "And under it" can be improved. 
(E) Either "urge that" or "urge somebody to do something". Here "urge somebody that" is incorrect.

yashikaaggarwal · Answer

Tecumseh urged all Native American (Active) vs. Tecumseh urged that all Native American (Passive)
Active speech is prefered over passive (B and C cancel)

A) all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under  it  there will be (Antecedent of it is mystery, is it land? Confederacy? Cession? Or anything else? Ambiguous)(Cross out)

B)  that  all Native American tribes, and even former enemies, resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under  it  there would be (It antecedent is ambiguous, plus the sentence is drawn in passive tense while active speech is more prefered)(Cross out)

C)  that  all Native American tribes, even former enemies, should be resistant to the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under  it  they would have (antecedent of it is ambiguous) (cross out)

D) all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy under which there would be(Active voice, no 'it' ambiguity. Which represents confederacy)(Correct)

E) resist the cession of individual parcels of land, form an intertribal confederacy, and under it they would have
(And under it they would have is not parallel with rest two elements.) (Cross out)

Answer is D
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vijk · Answer

Tecumseh had urged American tribes to resist cession of land and form a confederacy - a proposal and IMO it requires conditional verb - would - rather than will.

A - phrase 'under it there will be' is troubling, first not sure if it is a proper pronoun and requires a conditional verb. Kept aside as I am not sure

in B & E, 'and' is completely unnecessary as it starts off an independent clause for no reason. Eliminated

C - ignoring the other aspects of the sentence - 'be resistant to the cession' changes meaning - resisting something and being resistant to something is not the same. We resist temptations - we are resistant to fire?

D - looks fine and has would - my choice of answer.

D - looks fine, and uses 'would'

Varunsawhney8 · Answer

Tecumseh urged all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it there will be common ownership of all tribal lands.

A) all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it there will be
it- Pronoun Error
Incorrect

B) that all Native American tribes, and even former enemies, resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it there would be
it- Pronoun Error
Incorrect

C) that all Native American tribes, even former enemies, should be resistant to the cession of individual parcels of land 
by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it they would have
it- Pronoun Error
Incorrect

D) all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy under which there would be
Correct Choice
Pronoun Error Corrected

E) all Native American tribes, and even former enemies, that they were to resist the cession of individual parcels of land, form an intertribal confederacy, and under it they would have 
it- Pronoun Error
Incorrect

winterschool · Answer

Tecumseh urged all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under it there will be common ownership of all tribal lands.

A) all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under  it  there  will  be  Incorrect

pronoun error - under it, it refers what?, tense error - would require

B) that all Native American tribes, and even former enemies, resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under  it  there would be  Incorrect

pronoun error - under it, it refers what?

C) that all Native American tribes, even former enemies,  should be  resistant to the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy and under  it  they  would have   Incorrect

subjunctive form - should be wrong, pronoun error - under it, it refers what?

D)  all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy under which there would be   Correct

E) all Native American tribes, and even former enemies, that they were to  resist the cession of individual parcels of land, form an intertribal confederacy, and under it they would have   Incorrect

meaning change

generis · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)

THE PROMPT

• Issues tested:
-- the way that verbs change in reported or indirect speech 
-- the subjunctive and the word  urge 
-- 
• Although this sentence is a bit dense, we can figure out that:
→ Some kind of leader named Tecumseh wanted all Native American tribes to resist something 
→ the conflict is over land. Note the contrast between  individual parcels of land  and  common ownership of all lands . 
→ The leader wants to avoid the "individual parcel" plan. How? "By forming a confederacy"— an alliance .
→ Under that alliance, tribal lands would be owned by everyone.

• This sentence is an example of  reported or indirect speech . 
For the most part, verbs backshift one period in time.
→ Direct quote: Alexi said to Mirasol, "You  deserve  a break from all that intense studying."
→ Indirect reporting: Alexa told Mirasol that she  deserved  a break from her intense studying.
The present tense  deserve  shifts "one back" to past tense  deserved .

We can talk about what Tecumseh communicated in two ways.

(1) We can quote him directly. Use quotation marks. Leave the verbs as they are.
→ → Tecumseh said, "I urge all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist this harebrained scheme by forming a confederacy . . . "

(2) We can indirectly report what he said. No quotation marks. Most of the verbs must shift back one tense.
→ In the example above, the present (you  deserve ) shifted back one tense to the past (she  deserved ).

In reported speech, the future tense does not backshift to the present. 
The future tense shifts to the "future in the past," which is hypothetical. 
The future tense ( will be ) shifts to the hypothetical ( would be ).

THE OPTIONS

A)  Tecumseh urged  all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to resist the cession of individual parcels of land by forming an intertribal confederacy  and under it there   will  be  common ownership of all tribal lands.
•  will  is the wrong verb tense
→ we are reporting what Tecumseh said, in the past, about the future.
→ simple future does not merely shift one time sequence back into the present. Simple future shifts to "future in the past"—a hypothetical.
→ in other words,  will  changes to  would

• compared to the phrasing in option D, the phrase  and under   there will be XYZ  is unnecessarily wordy. 
→ Keep your eyes sharp. GMAC does not much like  there is  or  there are.  (Yes. A few official questions use this phrasing. A very few. Do not rule is out completely.)

The style question does not matter because the verb tense error is fatal.
ELIMINATE A

• This option uses the subjunctive and at first glance, correctly so. 
→ The verb  urge  can take both the infinitive and the subjunctive constructions, this way:

urged + that + subjunctive mood
or
urged + object + to-infinitive

→ this part seems okay:  Tecumseh urged that all tribes . . . resist 
→ but something seems strange because the subjunctive mood does not carry through the sentence

Why does "and under it there would be" seem as if it should be a separate clause?

•  and even former enemies  might not be great, but I would not eliminate this option on that basis until the very end. 
That  and  might be unnecessary.
The issue is too close to call on a first pass.

KEEP

• the word  should  is never part of the command subjunctive in U.S. English.
→ In British English, using  should  in this structure is routine. By contrast, in U.S. English and on the GMAT, the command subjunctive is never paired with  should . 
 Correct : I suggest that your brother arrive early.
 Wrong : I suggest that your brother  should  arrive early.
 Wrong : I suggest that your brother  arrives  early.

• style note, not enough to decide on the first pass:  be resistant to  is not as muscular and crisp as  resist

You can read one of my short overviews on command subjunctive by clicking  here,  and GMAT Club founder  bb 's post on the subject by clicking  here, in this post  by GMAT Club founder  bb  .
The verb error is fatal.
ELIMINATE C

• I see no errors
• Option D correctly uses the construction URGE + OBJECT + TO-infinitive
→ Tecumseh urged all Native American tribes . . . to resist

•  under which  is much better for the structure of the sentence than  and under it there. 
ELIMINATE B.
• the correct verb,  would , is used
  
•  urged  cannot be used with both the command subjunctive   and the to-infinitive  . 
Using one construction or the other is correct; using both constructions together is incorrect.

• the sentence is at best ambiguous and at worst ridiculous.
→  cession  (related to  concession  and  cede ), means that someone is giving up something to someone else. 
→ On one reading of this sentence, you might think that Tecumseh was urging Native Americans to resist  getting  some land.
We do not know who is performing this "cession."
Maybe the white settlers were giving the Native Americans land. ( I have a bridge in Brooklyn to sell you.  I wonder whether anyone will catch that reference.)

In the other sentences, we know that the Native Americans are supposed to perform the cession because we are given the means by which Tecumseh urges them to resist that cession: "by forming a confederacy . . . "

• Parallelism is lacking:  Tecumseh  urged  all tribes that they were  to resist  . . . ,    form  an intertribal confederacy, and    under  it they would have common ownership ??? 
→ 
On the GMAT, a list of only two items will always contain an  and  between the two items, this way: Item 1 and Item 2.
On the GMAT, a list of three or more items will always contain a COMMA + AND before the last list in the item: Item 1, Item 2, and Item 3.
You will never see this construction: Item 1, Item 2, and a bunch of words that are NOT Item 3.
You would see this construction instead: Item 1 AND Item 2, and a bunch of words that are NOT Item 3.

→ On the GMAT, the Oxford comma is real. Many of you (U.S. born speakers included) leave it out of your writing.
I do not recall a single question in which GMAC has failed to use an Oxford comma.

• if you are in doubt about (B) or (E), compare to (D). Option D is better than the other two.
ELIMINATE E

The answer is D.

COMMENTS

I haven't written this part in a while, so I will do so now: aspirants have a standing invitation to join SC Butler.
Don't worry about what other people think. Be brave.

zhanbo  ,  yashikaaggarwal  ,  vijk  ,  Varunsawhney8  , and  winterschool  -- good to see all of you, as usual.

Explaining what is wrong with the wrong answers in this question is hard.
But that's your job.

Typically, I have a second post containing some yellow highlight that sets the terms: you must explain.
You have all seen this post.

Your job is to explain to others who follow what is wrong  and why,  so that when they see a similar question, they, too, will know which options to eliminate.

You do not have to note every detail that I do.
But you do need to spell out the things you flag.
You do need to show me your critical thinking skills.

Smiley face for participation if you explained nothing or very little.
Kudos if you tried to explain even if you did not quite hit the mark.

VerbalBot · Answer

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Tecumseh urged all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to re

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

Tecumseh urged all Native American tribes, even former enemies, to re

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