Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radica

Question

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1) 
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Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from  the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from that which art has  in our society today.

A) the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from that which art has

B) the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function than art does

C) those of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art does

D) those of the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from what art has

E) that of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art has

akshaykumar8375 · Accepted Answer

in this pronoun there couldnot refer to the intended noun 
so its should be there 
and wrong comparison we need a noun or in place of noun something

same error as explained above

aha we got the noun phrase perf comparing 
and pronoun error is also been corrected by its

c is the answer

generis · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)

THE PROMPT

Quote:

Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from that which art has in our society today.

• Meaning?
The economy and society of the preindustrial state were very different from the economy and society of the modern state.
Similarly, art in the preindustrial state served a very different function from the function that art serves in our society today.

Why did I write such long, boring sentences?
Answer: I want you to track on the comparisons and the logical pronouns, a feat more easily accomplished when I write out all the nouns.

• Idiom
Just as X, so (too) Y.
On harder sentence correction questions, this idiom shows up a fair bit.

→ This idiomatic construction is a comparison structure.
The two things under comparison must both be full clauses with subjects and verbs.
The X and Y elements must be parallel.
You will see both Just as X, so too Y and Just as X, so Y.
The two idioms mean the same thing.

→ Meaning?
Just as X is the case / is so / is true, Y is [also] the case / is so / is true.
In the same way that X is true, Y is true.

We say:
Just as [subject] [verb], so (too) [subject] [verb].

THE OPTIONS

Quote:

A) Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from that which art has in our society today.

• comparison error
→ the economy and society of the preindustrial state are incorrectly compared with the modern nation-state itself.
The comparison should be between (1) the economy and society of the preindustrial state, and (2) the economy and society of the modern nation-state.

→ how to find the error?
Work from right to left.
Find the comparison or parallelism marker (different from).
Whatever is to the right of that marker is one of the two objects under comparison.
→ from the modern nation-state . . .
On the LHS of the marker word, we should find a similar object under comparison.
→ the LHS object in this sentence: The economy and society [of the preindustrial state]
The items under comparison are not alike.

An economy or a society [OF a preindustrial state] is not similar to a modern nation-state.
"Economy" and "society" are parts of a state, not the whole state itself.

• pronoun error
→ plural their does not agree with singular preindustrial state
Whose art? That of the preindustrial state.

• verb error: has should be does
→ the verb has cannot stand in as the present tense analog of the past tense verb served that shows up earlier in the sentence.
Only one verb can stand in for almost any verb in English: some form of to do (do, does, did, done, doing).
To talk about a verb in the present that is parallel to a verb in past tense (served), we need either [present tense] serves or does.

ELIMINATE A

Quote:

B) Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function than art does in our society today.

• comparison error
→ same as that in option A: economy and society are incorrectly compared to modern nation-state

• pronoun error - same as that in option A
→ plural their does not agree with singular preindustrial state
ELIMINATE B

Quote:

C) Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from those of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art does in our society today.

• I do not see any errors

• correct comparison
→ economy and society [of the preindustrial state] are compared with those = economy and society [of the modern nation-state]

• correct pronoun
→ the singular preindustrial state takes the singular pronoun its (in its art)
KEEP

Quote:

D) Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from those of the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from what art has in our society today.

• pronoun error - same as that in A and B
→ plural their does not agree with singular preindustrial state

• verb error - same as that in option A
→ has cannot stand in for serves, the present tense analog of served.
Only does can can stand in for serves.
ELIMINATE D

Quote:

E) Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from that of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art has in our society today.

• pronoun error
→ the plural economy and society [of the preindustrial state] does not agree with the singular that, which is intended to refer to the "economy and society of the modern nation-state."

• idiom error: different than is not acceptable on the GMAT
→ different from is correct
→ this idiom is hotly contested. Avoid it.
Different from is absolutely correct.
I do not recall an official question in which different than was correct.

• verb error - same as that in option A
→ has cannot stand in for serves (the present tense of served)
ELIMINATE E

The answer is C.

COMMENTS

crazyBuny , harsh497 , and dhimanud , welcome to SC Butler.

All aspirants have a standing invitation to post; I am glad that you all accepted.

I am impressed by these answers.

An uncertain aspirant could read any one of them with ease and understand how to find the four worst answers in this question.

Very well done—all of you.

All aspirants have a standing invitation to post; I am glad that you all accepted. I am impressed by these answers. An uncertain aspirant could read any one of them with ease and understand how to find the four worst answers in this question. Very well done—all of you.

sumitkrocks · Answer

Sentence uses analogy to compare, using structure just as x so too y, art in preindustrial state and in our society today

Wrong comparison: the economy and society are compared the modern nation-state
Pronoun "their" is wrong as the logical referent is preindustrial state which is singular 
That which makes the sentence stylistically flawed

Same comparison and pronoun issues as in A

those= "economy and society" Comparison is good 
Pronoun issues is also rectified 
All good

Comparison is okay, but pronoun issue exists 
Also phrase " from what art has " is wordy

That can not refer to plural subject "economy and society"
Also Simple present is preferred over simple perfect to express trait or function

(C) is the correct answer IMO

zhanbo · Answer

My answer is  (C) .

To have "Apple VS. Apple“ comparison, "the economy and society of the preindustrial state" should be compares with "the economy and society of the modern nation-state". "the economy and society" are plural, so we can eliminate (A), (B) and (E).

Then, because it is "the preindustrial state" (singular) being discusses, eliminate (D) for its use of ”their art “.

thelonghalloween · Answer

This is a tricky one. Took me 2:06 to solve

Notable differences are: 
1. the modern state vs those of vs that of 
2. their art vs its art
3. that which art has vs than art does vs what art has

For #1, the statement compares economy and society of preindustrial state.. so two things, plus its uses 'were' in statement... so that comparison should be plural. Therefore 'Those of'.. A, B and E eliminate
For #3, we are looking for comparison. So looking at 'does' in the end for the statement to make sense... D eliminate 
 
This gets me to my answer C

For #2, this is tricky. I did not get it at first.. However the 'art' should refer to 'society' ad not 'economy' (Economy art - what does that even mean?) Therefore it needs to be singular. 'Its art'

swim2109 · Answer

IMO the answer is C.

PRe-thinking: Comparison and Pronouns are the two topics tested over here. Straight away 'their' jumps at me. It should be 'its' as one state is being compared to the other.

Eliminate A, B & D. Now C & E left.

C) those of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art does---> Correct

E) that of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art has----> (that of is not corect as plural those should be used to refer to economy and the society.

crazyBuny · Answer

A) the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from that which art has
 economy and society is compared to state 
B) the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function than art does
 economy and society is compared to state 
C) those of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art does
 all good 
D) those of the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from what art has
 pronoun their is incorrect as state is singular 
E) that of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art has
 I don't think we should reject this option because of THAT. Comparison issue with than art has

chrisjonatan · Answer

IMO C

Just as  the economy and society of the preindustrial state  were radically different from  the modern nation-state , so too their art served a very different function from that which art has in our society today.

A)  the modern nation-state , so too their art  served  a very different function from that which art  has 
1. "the economy and society" compared to "the modern nation-state". It's incorrect
2. "served" compared to "has". it's incorrect

B)  the modern nation-state , so too their art served a very different function than art does
1. "the economy and society" compared to "the modern nation-state". It's incorrect

C)  those of the modern nation-state , so too its art  served  a very different function than art  does 
1. "the economy and society" compared to "those ( the economy and society ) of the modern nation-state". It's correct
2. "served" compared to "does". It's correct

D) those of the modern nation-state, so too their art  served   a very different function from what art  has 
1. "served" compared to "has". It's incorrect

E)  that  of the modern nation-state, so too its art  served  a very different function than art  has 
1. We need "those" because it is modifying "the economy and society"
2. "served" compared to "has". It's incorrect

harsh497 · Answer

Comparison and Noun-Pronoun Agreement concepts are tested here.

Here, Economy and Society of the preindustrial state have been  incorrectly compared   to the modern nation-state itself.
Straightaway, (A) and (B) can be eliminated.

Now, 'Economy and Society' are 2 things (Plural), which can't agree with 'that' in (E). So, (E) is gone.

Between (C) and (D),
art of  preindustrial state  (Singular) is being discussed, Therefore, 'their art'   in (D) is wrong.

Hence, (C) is the answer.

ThatIndianGuy · Answer

Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radically different from the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from that which art has in our society today. Concept Tested - Pronouns + Comparison A) the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from that which art has -

B) the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function than art does -

C) those of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art does -

D) those of the modern nation-state, so too their art served a very different function from what art has -

E) that of the modern nation-state, so too its art served a very different function than art has -

-Thanks

generis · Answer

You can find the official explanation by clicking  here .

Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radica

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

Just as the economy and society of the preindustrial state were radica

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