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(C) Happy consuming many foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and twigs, the Black Rat has a desire to be close to human populations, which, along with its ability to harbor in its blood a wide-range of infectious bacteria, such as Yersinia pestis, the Black Plague pathogen, makes the Black Rat a highly effective disease vector.
The above sentence is the correct answer to an example sentence correction question of TTP
When I read the sentence, I eliminated it since I thought the usage of "which" was incorrect. According to my knowledge, a relative pronoun should be placed right after its antecedent (a noun). So I thought "which" refers to the plural noun "populations." Can you explain why this is not the case and how a relative pronoun can refer to a noun phrase?
Although Marty already answered, I will try to give an explanation:
If you look at the structure of the sentence, which cannot logically refer to "populations". Consider crossing out the intermediate modifier: "along... pathogen". The sentence then becomes "the black has a desire to be close to human populations, which makes The Black Rat a highly effective disease vector". Notice that "which" is referring to the black rat's desire, and it is perfectly logical for it to do so - there is no other logical way to read the sentence. Moreover, the modifier right after "which" uses "along with ITS ability to..", its refers to a singular option, which must refer directly to The Black Rat, and not populations (plural).
Hope this helps!
Thank you so much for your help.