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The correct sentence structure would be:

(B) The amount of research into the cause of acoustic neuromas has proven unsuccessful.

This sentence uses the correct subject-verb agreement, stating that "the amount of research" (singular subject) "has proven" (singular verb) unsuccessful.
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The correct option is (B) "amount of research into the cause of acoustic neuromas has proven unsuccessful."

This option maintains subject-verb agreement by using the singular form "has" to agree with "amount." Additionally, it correctly states that the research into the cause of acoustic neuromas has been unsuccessful.

Option (A) is incorrect because it uses the plural verb form "have" with the singular subject "amount."

Option (C) is grammatically incorrect because it uses the plural verb form "have" with the singular subject "quantity."

Option (D) is incorrect because it rearranges the sentence structure and does not accurately convey the intended meaning.

Option (E) is incorrect because it places the phrase "has proven unsuccessful" too far from its intended subject "amount of research."
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Bunuel
While an extensive amount of research into the cause of acoustic neuromas have proven unsuccessful, doctors have developed new surgical options that have dramatically increased patients' survival rates.


(A) amount of research into the cause of acoustic neuromas have proven unsuccessful

(B) amount of research into the cause of acoustic neuromas has proven unsuccessful

(C) quantity of research into the cause of acoustic neuromas have proven to be unsuccessful

(D) cause research into acoustic neuromas has proven unsuccessful

(E) amount of research has proven unsuccessful into the cause of acoustic neuromas




KAPLAN OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:



Once again we deal with the noun amount, but here it's the subject of the first part of the sentence. Since amount is singular, the verb needs to be has been, so you can eliminate (A) and (C). Amount of research is better than cause research (which makes no sense at any rate), leaving you with (B) and (E). (E) creates a misplaced modifier, so (B) is the correct choice.

An 800 test taker is aware that each wrong choice is usually wrong for more than one reason. If she doesn't know how to spot or correct one error, she looks for another one.
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