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Argument says price of oil in Esteria will increase which will cause per gallon gasoline and diesel price paid by their drivers to double.

Maria, a resident of Esteria, however do not use oil driven vehicle, used electric run public transport for transit, and hydroelectric power or natural gas supplied power at home

So conclusion is her cost of living should not be impacted by this spike in fuel prices.


we have to find weakening of his conclusion and we will follow POE( process of elimination)

A) even if maria's public transport is funded by some fixed percentage of tax collected by selling of gasoline or diesel, does increase in price decrease that tax, no, in fact it can increase total tax if it is levied on base price.

B) if groceries are supplied in whatever size of truck powered by diesel and cost of diesel is going to increase, then cost of goods supplied will increase, in turn, selling price of good supplied which is grocery in this case may certainly increase. It has potential to impact Maria's living cost.

C) There can be no conclusion drawn from this about Maria's cost of living , what Maria's city company do to their employees by allowing work from home due to hike in gasoline price. This is easy elimination by process of elimination

D) Definitely environmental regulation is going to increase Maria's cost of electricity and will impact her cost of living but this is not done by gasoline price hike but by some other factor. so her assumption can't be weakened by this. easy elimination again.

E) Easiest elimination. Economist prediction has nothing to do with the Maria's living cost directly since Maria is claiming she uses none of the gasoline or diesel driven stuffs. so there correctness should not impact Maria's life.

Only option sound reasonable in process of elimination is B.

I have gone for it.
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A. Public transit is funded by a tax on gasoline and diesel. This may actually decrease her cost as there will be more government taxes to fund this transportation.

B. BEST ANSWER. Gorceries and other essentials are transported by diesel powered trucks. This would increase her cost of living because her gorceries are going to be more expensive because the cost to transport these gorceries are going to be more.

C. Some suburban workers will work from home is irrelevant.

D. Electricity prices will increase because of legislation is unrelated as we are taking about oil and diesel costs.

E. Economists have good forecasting record. Irrelavant. We want to know what is wrong with her reasoning that prices will not increase for her.
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(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria. Maria doesn't buy oil so she doesn't to pay extra

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks. Correct. This is indirect cost which will increase.

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week. Irrelevant as money saving doesn't entail how Maria spends

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power. This is another cause & not linked to given reasoning.

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy. This states the prediction already given.

Ans B
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Maria's argument is that oil prices will rise. As she does not drive and uses electric public transit, she assumes that her cost of living won't increase much.

In order to weaken the argument, I believe Option B would be the correct choice. The option states that higher diesel costs can raise the prices of groceries and other essentials, increasing her cost of living.

Looking at other options:
(A) It does not show that Maria's expenses will increase
(C) Seems irrelevant - working from home does not affect Maria's argument
(D) Seems unrelated as her electricity bill rises for reasons unrelated to oil prices
(E) Strengthens instead as it supports the prediction that oil prices will rise, not Maria's conclusion

Answer: Option B
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To weaken the conclusion that Maria would not be affected by Esteria's oil jump we have to show that of the things she is using some of them are indirectly dependent on gasoline or diesel fuel.
Only option B states that.
Option A is a trap as it tries to say that the taxes collected are funding the electric public transportation, but that funding rising can have little to no impact on the fair Maria pays for her transportation.
Option C and E are irrelevant
Option D states price rise without proper reasoning
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Bunuel
Over the coming two months, the price of oil in Esteria is projected to increase by enough to approximately double the price paid by Esterian drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel. Maria, who lives and works in a large Esterian city, has no car, commutes on electric-powered public transit vehicles, and uses household power derived from hydroelectricity and natural gas. Since she does not use oil-based fuel in any of her everyday activities, Maria does not expect any significant impact on her own cost of living if the Esterian oil price jumps as projected.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens Maria's line of reasoning?

(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria.

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks.

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week.

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power.

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy.

 


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A. Incorrect. This does not impact the argument.

B. Correct. This states that rising oil prices will impact Maria’s cost of living and hence weakens the argument.

C. Incorrect. This strengthens the argument.

D. Incorrect. Although this increases Maria’s cost of living, it is caused by environmental legislation and not by the rise in oil prices.

E. Incorrect. This strengthens the argument.
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this is a very real life based question, we know that if the gas price increases , we are going to see all the prices of essentials and also rents etc will increase , same is given in the question , and more over non of the options are focusing on the point anyway
Bunuel
Over the coming two months, the price of oil in Esteria is projected to increase by enough to approximately double the price paid by Esterian drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel. Maria, who lives and works in a large Esterian city, has no car, commutes on electric-powered public transit vehicles, and uses household power derived from hydroelectricity and natural gas. Since she does not use oil-based fuel in any of her everyday activities, Maria does not expect any significant impact on her own cost of living if the Esterian oil price jumps as projected.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens Maria's line of reasoning?

(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria.

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks.

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week.

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power.

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy.

 


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I think the option will be B because even if Maria doesn't use private vehicles, if the groceries that she uses is being transported by vehicles whose drivers have to pay high price for increased fuel, then groceries price may increase
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Option B - Groceries and other essential items...
This statement weakens Maria's statement the most as it tells us that day to day groceries must be transported into the city eventually increasing the cost of the produce resulting in higher prices and thus increasing cost of living.

Why others are not the sol
A) In the statement it is mentioned that Maria uses electric powered public vehicles contradicting this statement so this is wrong
C) This statement is actually supporting maria's claim if the transport cost is increased companies would allow wfh thus not impacting the cost of living
D) this statement is taking the electricity cost with the increase in legislative cost so it is not related to the statement provided
E)this statement does not tell us how the price will affect maria rather it is just proving that the price increase will happen
Bunuel
Over the coming two months, the price of oil in Esteria is projected to increase by enough to approximately double the price paid by Esterian drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel. Maria, who lives and works in a large Esterian city, has no car, commutes on electric-powered public transit vehicles, and uses household power derived from hydroelectricity and natural gas. Since she does not use oil-based fuel in any of her everyday activities, Maria does not expect any significant impact on her own cost of living if the Esterian oil price jumps as projected.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens Maria's line of reasoning?

(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria.

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks.

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week.

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power.

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy.

 


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Ans Choice B: Conclusion: Maria doesn't expect any significant impact on her cost of living if Esterian oil prices jumps as projected.
Evidence: She doesn't use oil based fuel in any of her daily activities.
Weaken the Maria Reasoning: Any stmt which shows her daily activities are still dependent on Gasoline/Diesel then it will weaken her reasoning and increase her cost of living.
Option B highlights that Groceries and essentials she buys must be transported thr diesel powered trucks. Thus weaken the conclusion.
A: Public transit systems funding might increase due to increase in taxes and this Strengthen the conclusion
C: Work from home to employees cannot be justified to curtail cost of living to significant extent and irrelevant to Oil prices increase.
D: New environment legislation is irrelevant to impact of Oil prices jump in living costs
E: Strengthen the conclusion
Bunuel
Over the coming two months, the price of oil in Esteria is projected to increase by enough to approximately double the price paid by Esterian drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel. Maria, who lives and works in a large Esterian city, has no car, commutes on electric-powered public transit vehicles, and uses household power derived from hydroelectricity and natural gas. Since she does not use oil-based fuel in any of her everyday activities, Maria does not expect any significant impact on her own cost of living if the Esterian oil price jumps as projected.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens Maria's line of reasoning?

(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria.

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks.

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week.

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power.

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy.

 


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over the coming two months, price of oil in E is projected to increase to approx double the price paid by E drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel.
Maria lives and works in this city but she uses EV powered public transit and she powered her household from hydroelectricity and natural gas.
there is not use of oil based fuel in her daily life.

conclusion= she doesnt expect any impact on her own cost of living if the oil price jumps as projected.

author is assuming that all the stuff that maria uses in her daily life will not be impacted by higher of oil. and due to that she will face any changes in her cost of living.

A but it might go up or down. we cant say with certainty. out.
B if groceries msut be delivered on diesel powered truclk then those truck will increase their charge as result of higher oil price. and to cope with the extra cost the grocers will raise their price as well and ultimately people will bare the higher cost. so this completes the chain. keep.
C this is utter nonsense. out of scope. out.
D talks about the price increase in legislation. not necessary. out.
E this is completely irrelevant here, out.

choice B
Bunuel
Over the coming two months, the price of oil in Esteria is projected to increase by enough to approximately double the price paid by Esterian drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel. Maria, who lives and works in a large Esterian city, has no car, commutes on electric-powered public transit vehicles, and uses household power derived from hydroelectricity and natural gas. Since she does not use oil-based fuel in any of her everyday activities, Maria does not expect any significant impact on her own cost of living if the Esterian oil price jumps as projected.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens Maria's line of reasoning?

(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria.

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks.

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week.

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power.

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy.

 


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To weken the Maria's reasoning that if she doesn't use the oil based fuel directly, then there won't be any significant impact on her cost of living, we need to find the explanation where her cost of living rises indirectly due to oil-price rise.

A - Doesn't directly say anything about significant increase in Maria's cost.
B -Increase in goods prices due to increase in fuel prices ----- directly increases Maria's cost of living. It weken Maria's thoughts reagrding that she will not be significantly affected.
C - Irrelevent to Maria's cost of living increase.
D - Increase will be due to environmental legistation, not due to oil price increase.
E - It supports the premise, doesn't say anything about Maria's conclusion.

Answer : B
Bunuel
Over the coming two months, the price of oil in Esteria is projected to increase by enough to approximately double the price paid by Esterian drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel. Maria, who lives and works in a large Esterian city, has no car, commutes on electric-powered public transit vehicles, and uses household power derived from hydroelectricity and natural gas. Since she does not use oil-based fuel in any of her everyday activities, Maria does not expect any significant impact on her own cost of living if the Esterian oil price jumps as projected.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens Maria's line of reasoning?

(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria.

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks.

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week.

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power.

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy.

 


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Over the coming two months, the price of oil in Esteria is projected to increase by enough to approximately double the price paid by Esterian drivers for each gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel.

Maria, who lives and works in a large Esterian city, has no car, commutes on electric-powered public transit vehicles, and uses household power derived from hydroelectricity and natural gas. Since she does not use oil-based fuel in any of her everyday activities, Maria does not expect any significant impact on her own cost of living if the Esterian oil price jumps as projected.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens Maria's line of reasoning?

(A) Esteria's public-transit systems, including the one on which Maria makes her daily commute, are funded by a fixed-percentage tax charged on all purchases of gasoline or diesel fuel within Esteria.
Unless the prices of daily travel in Esteria's public-transit systems increases accordingly, it is not going to adversely impact on Maria's own cost of living.
Incorrect

(B) Groceries and other essential items must be transported into Maria's city on small-to-medium-sized diesel-powered trucks.
In such cases, transportation cost of grocery items will increase accordingly which may have cumulative effect on grocery prices which may in turn impact Maria's own cost of living.
Correct

(C) If the price of gasoline climbs as projected, many companies in Maria's city will allow employees who live in the surrounding suburbs to work from home one to two days per week.
This may impact many other persons other than Maria and their cost of living may be impacted but Maria's own cost of living may not be impacted by such changes.
Incorrect

(D) Newly enacted environmental legislation will increase by one-half the amount that Maria must pay for electrical power.
Since this is an additional burden which may impact Maria's cost of living but it is not impacted by oil prices. Therefore, it is not relevant to the argument or Maria's reasoning.
Incorrect

(E) The economists who have predicted the upcoming increase have been correct in nearly all of their recent predictions concerning the Esterian economy.
Despite the fact that economists may be correct in their prediction about oil price increases, this is not sufficient enough to prove her reasoning about her own cost of living since almost all of the items she uses do not depend on oil prices.
Incorrect

IMO B
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A - can have both positive and negative effect
B - Correct; essential groceries will increase her expenses
C - doesn't effect her
D - she doesn't use state power
E - doesn't add anything to the argument
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straightforward
maria reasons oil prices will double, but she doesnt consume anything directly that uses oil, therefore conclusion is her her own cost of living wont be significantly affected.

A. doesnt imply maria, high prices means higher tax percentage based
B clear link to maria as groceries and other essntial items must be transported to marias city, hidden assumption - keep
C already uses public transport that is not impacted by oil, so WFH wont matter - reject
D - elec prices will increase by half, but doesnt connect oil prices, separate cause introduced so out of scope - reject
E - increases confidence in oil price rise, issue is whether this imapct her - reject

correct B
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Solutions can be checked and eliminated
A: loosely connected and will _have indirect impact
B: direct impact
C: irrelevant
D: new concept
E irrelevant

Hence the answer is B
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I went with (B) on this.

Let's try and break down the passage first. Oil prices in Esteria are projected to be increasing such that gasoline and diesel prices in Esteria are expected to double. Maria, lives in an Esterian city, does not have a car, commutes to work by electric-powered public transport, and uses household power derived from hydroelectric and natural gas sources. Since she has no direct dependency on oil based fuel in her everyday activity, she expects that her cost of living should not be impacted significantly. We have to identify an option that weakens her reasoning.

Her reasoning is based on the assumption that her cost of living is only significantly impacted by her cost to commute to work and her power bills. Hence, ideally our option should be questioning this assumption and proving it wrong. Let's look at the options

Option A: This is too indirect an option. Even if the prices increase, the tax charged should ideally increase due to the increase in the price of fuel. This will increase the tax collection. But we do not know if that increase in tax collection impact the funding of the transit system in anyway. Hence, we can eliminate this.

Option B: This is the correct option! It is safe to assume that Maria being a human being also consumes food and other essential products :) For most of us that is the most significant part of our cost of living and so should be the case for Maria. If fuel prices increase and these groceries and other essential products directly depend upon transport that uses these oil based fuels, their prices will also increase (as it gets more expensive to transport these goods). Thus, Maria can see a significant impact in her cost of living if this happens.

Option C: This tells us about what happens to people who live in suburbs around Maria's city. We have know information if MAria lives in those suburbs or not. This option is irrelevant to us and can be eliminated

Option D: Yes, this does impact Maria's cost of living. However, this is because of the newly enacted environmental legislation, a completely different issue than the increase of oil prices. What Maria's current line of reasoning is concerned with is the increase in the price of oil and not other reasons. Hence, we can eliminate this.

Option E: This option talks more about the accuracy of the predictions by the economists. All this does, is makes a case that prices will increase. That information, we already have and it does not affect any of MAria's reasonings or assumptions. We can eliminate this.
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