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22 Aug 2022, 08:24
Kudos
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how do I get to the crux of parallelism here. It is very confusing whether ''costly'' can be used for both the parts of 'and' or just one part
another confusing things is '' requirements of irrigation'' is there a problem in the meaning?
another confusing things is '' requirements of irrigation'' is there a problem in the meaning?
24 Aug 2022, 12:07
Kudos
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himanshu0123
In this context, it's plain that both of the agricultural processes are expensive/"costly".
I see what you're saying here—you're seeing "costly X and Y" and claiming that it's not possible to tell whether the intention is "costly (X and Y)" or just "(costly X) and Y".
From the context alone, though, you should be able to deduce that it's the former of these (which is not straightforward to write in a way that totally gets rid of this supposed ambiguity—try it!). Also note that if the latter interpretation were intended, then a good writer would simply invert the order of the elements ("Y and costly X") to produce a completely unambiguous phrasing that's still compact.
This isn't the issue to get stuck on, since there are more black-and-white ways to make eliminations here.
For instance, in choice D the singular verb "was" disagrees with its subject (which has the form "x and y" and therefore must be plural)—and all three of choices A, B, and C mistakenly state that the requirements, rather than the expensive/resource-demanding processes themselves, are "costly".
24 Aug 2022, 12:13
Kudos
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himanshu0123
The meaning issue that stands out the most in the first three choices is "costly requirements" (as opposed to the intended meaning, which is that the agricultural processes themselves are costly/expensive/resource-intensive), as pointed out above.
This issue should be especially conspicuous because it's the subject of a split at the very beginning of the answer choices.
The other problem with the phrasing in that choice (option A) is "by earlier high-yielding varieties".
This "by" is used to introduce the noun that performs the action of a passive-voice verb—as in the last two choices ("was/were required BY earlier high-yielding varieties". It almost never works in other grammatical contexts; one cannot, for instance, write "requirements of X by Y" as in choice A.
