Bunuel
Unlike
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s bootstrap program that helped to restart economic growth in the 1930s through public works, Ronald Reagan proposed a program of trickle-down economics to restart the economy.
(A) Franklin D. Roosevelt’s bootstrap program that helped
(B) Franklin D. Roosevelt and his bootstrap program which helped
(C) Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose bootstrap program helped
(D) the bootstrap program of Franklin D. Roosevelt that has helped
(E) Franklin D. Roosevelt and his bootstrap program helping
OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
C
Part of what normally makes misplaced modifiers easy to spot is that the test writers generally ask you to fix the second phrase; this time, you have to fix the first phrase. The modifying phrase
Unlike F.D.R’s bootstrap program is supposed to modify the noun
Ronald Reagan, which, of course, is not possible. You can’t directly compare a program to a person. We could fix the second half of the sentence (
unlike F.D.R.’s program … Reagan’s program…), but since the second half of the sentence isn’t underlined, we’ll have to fix the first half. Choices B and E still directly compare F.D.R.’s program to Ronald Reagan. So does choice D.
Only choice C avoids the modifier error by directly comparing F.D.R. to Reagan.