Events & Promotions
|
|
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
Track
Your Progress
Practice
Pays
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
May 0608:30 AM PDT
-09:30 AM PDT
In Episode 3 of our GMAT Ninja Critical Reasoning series, we tackle Discrepancy, Paradox, and Explain an Oddity questions. You know the feeling: the passage gives you two facts that seem completely contradictory....- May 08
08:00 AM PDT
-08:30 AM PDT
Join the special YouTube live-stream for selecting the winners of GMAT Club MBA Scholarships sponsored by Juno live. Watch who gets these coveted MBA scholarships offered by GMAT Club and Juno.
16 Sep 2014, 01:57
Kudos
Bookmarks
Scientists have found that during deep (“stage-4”) sleep the nervous system resets levels of a pain-amplifying chemical called neuropeptide substance P. If this nightly reset fails, substance P continues to sensitize nerves, eventually spreading pain throughout the body. Therefore, getting sufficient stage-4 sleep is essential to preventing fibromyalgia.
The theory above on the cause of fibromyalgia rests on which of the following assumptions?
A. Only stage-4 sleep can restore substance P to its normal, non-sensitizing level.
B. The amount of stage-4 sleep a person requires varies considerably from night to night.
C. Substance P levels fall back to normal during periods of quiet wakeful rest even when stage-4 sleep is interrupted.
D. Anxiety increases the release of substance P even when a person is in deep sleep.
E. Stage-2 (light) sleep provides the same substance P reset that stage-4 sleep does.
The theory above on the cause of fibromyalgia rests on which of the following assumptions?
A. Only stage-4 sleep can restore substance P to its normal, non-sensitizing level.
B. The amount of stage-4 sleep a person requires varies considerably from night to night.
C. Substance P levels fall back to normal during periods of quiet wakeful rest even when stage-4 sleep is interrupted.
D. Anxiety increases the release of substance P even when a person is in deep sleep.
E. Stage-2 (light) sleep provides the same substance P reset that stage-4 sleep does.
16 Sep 2014, 01:58
Kudos
Bookmarks
Official Solution:
Scientists have found that during deep (“stage-4”) sleep the nervous system resets levels of a pain-amplifying chemical called neuropeptide substance P. If this nightly reset fails, substance P continues to sensitize nerves, eventually spreading pain throughout the body. Therefore, getting sufficient stage-4 sleep is essential to preventing fibromyalgia.
The theory above on the cause of fibromyalgia rests on which of the following assumptions?
A. Only stage-4 sleep can restore substance P to its normal, non-sensitizing level.
B. The amount of stage-4 sleep a person requires varies considerably from night to night.
C. Substance P levels fall back to normal during periods of quiet wakeful rest even when stage-4 sleep is interrupted.
D. Anxiety increases the release of substance P even when a person is in deep sleep.
E. Stage-2 (light) sleep provides the same substance P reset that stage-4 sleep does.
(A) The conclusion that “getting sufficient stage-4 sleep is essential” hinges on the idea that nothing else can perform the same chemical reset. Choice. A states exactly that: only stage-4 sleep restores substance P to its normal level. If this statement were false—if some other process could handle the reset—stage-4 sleep would no longer be indispensable, and the argument would collapse. Therefore A is required and is the correct answer.
(B) Whether a person’s nightly quota of deep sleep changes from one night to the next does not affect the causal chain. The argument needs stage-4 sleep to be necessary, not predictable in its duration. Even if the needed amount were wildly inconsistent, the claim that it is essential could still hold. Thus B is not required.
(C) This choice asserts that quiet wakeful rest can reset substance P when deep sleep is interrupted. If C were true, stage-4 sleep would no longer be uniquely necessary, which directly contradicts the conclusion. Because an assumption must support—not undermine—the argument, C cannot be required and is therefore incorrect.
(D) The statement that anxiety increases substance P release even during deep sleep introduces a new complicating factor but leaves the central mechanism untouched. The argument does not rely on the absence of anxiety; it relies only on the presence of a unique reset during stage-4 sleep. Consequently D is irrelevant to the logic and is not an underlying assumption.
(E) By claiming that stage-2 sleep provides the same reset as stage-4 sleep, this option directly challenges the necessity of stage-4 sleep. If E were true, the conclusion would be weakened rather than supported. An assumption must be something the argument needs to remain valid, so E is not required and is incorrect.
Answer: A
Scientists have found that during deep (“stage-4”) sleep the nervous system resets levels of a pain-amplifying chemical called neuropeptide substance P. If this nightly reset fails, substance P continues to sensitize nerves, eventually spreading pain throughout the body. Therefore, getting sufficient stage-4 sleep is essential to preventing fibromyalgia.
The theory above on the cause of fibromyalgia rests on which of the following assumptions?
A. Only stage-4 sleep can restore substance P to its normal, non-sensitizing level.
B. The amount of stage-4 sleep a person requires varies considerably from night to night.
C. Substance P levels fall back to normal during periods of quiet wakeful rest even when stage-4 sleep is interrupted.
D. Anxiety increases the release of substance P even when a person is in deep sleep.
E. Stage-2 (light) sleep provides the same substance P reset that stage-4 sleep does.
(A) The conclusion that “getting sufficient stage-4 sleep is essential” hinges on the idea that nothing else can perform the same chemical reset. Choice. A states exactly that: only stage-4 sleep restores substance P to its normal level. If this statement were false—if some other process could handle the reset—stage-4 sleep would no longer be indispensable, and the argument would collapse. Therefore A is required and is the correct answer.
(B) Whether a person’s nightly quota of deep sleep changes from one night to the next does not affect the causal chain. The argument needs stage-4 sleep to be necessary, not predictable in its duration. Even if the needed amount were wildly inconsistent, the claim that it is essential could still hold. Thus B is not required.
(C) This choice asserts that quiet wakeful rest can reset substance P when deep sleep is interrupted. If C were true, stage-4 sleep would no longer be uniquely necessary, which directly contradicts the conclusion. Because an assumption must support—not undermine—the argument, C cannot be required and is therefore incorrect.
(D) The statement that anxiety increases substance P release even during deep sleep introduces a new complicating factor but leaves the central mechanism untouched. The argument does not rely on the absence of anxiety; it relies only on the presence of a unique reset during stage-4 sleep. Consequently D is irrelevant to the logic and is not an underlying assumption.
(E) By claiming that stage-2 sleep provides the same reset as stage-4 sleep, this option directly challenges the necessity of stage-4 sleep. If E were true, the conclusion would be weakened rather than supported. An assumption must be something the argument needs to remain valid, so E is not required and is incorrect.
Answer: A
General Discussion
30 May 2022, 08:33
Kudos
Bookmarks
The question or/and solution has been revised and edited. Thank you sayantanc2k !!!
