Official Solution:
A study concluded that women dress up more attractively during ovulation. The study was conducted using pairs of photographs of 200 women, one photograph taken during ovulation and the other not. A group of volunteer viewers were asked to choose the photograph in which they thought the woman appeared more attractive. Researchers found that 87% of the time viewers chose the photo taken when the woman was ovulating.
The methodology of the study above is flawed for which of the following reasons?
A. The study fails to consider that certain physiological changes in a woman during ovulation makes her look more attractive.
B. Because all the viewers were male, the results of the study were skewed by individual responses to attractive women.
C. The study fails to account for the psychological complexity of sexual desire in women.
D. The study assumes that women will dress more attractively when they have greater sexual desire.
E. Most women know when they are ovulating, and so would dress up more attractively on that day.
The question asks to identify a flaw in the METHODOLOGY of the study. Following are the argument blocks in METHODOLOGY of the study:
Premise: Viewers found the photo more attractive when a woman is ovulating than the one when she is not.
Conclusion: Women dress up more attractively (unconsciously) when they are ovulating.
The correct option will point out a faulty assumption behind the above argument.
A. CORRECT. The premise is that the viewers
found certain photos more attractive. The conclusion is women in the photo
dressed up more attractively. Option A explains why the jump from the premise (finding attractive) to the conclusion (dressing up attractively) is flawed - if the women looked more beautiful during ovulation because of some other reason, such as certain physiological changes, then this jump from premise to conclusion would be wrong. Maybe the women did not actually dress up more attractively, yet they were found attractive by the viewers because of the physiological changes.
B. The viewers were shown two photos of each women and they had to pick one photo of each women. They didn't have to select one woman over other. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
C. The methodology of the study has no relation to the psychological complexity of sexual desire in women. The study is about a link between dressing up and ovulation - sexual desire is out of scope of the study.
D. Same reason as C - sexual desire is out of the scope of the study.
E. This option states a reason that women dress up more attractively during ovulation. This option is not a flaw in the study.
Answer: A