No any other ID Proof except for Passport accepted in India (Based on my experience at Pune's GMAT center)
If you don't have enough time in your hand, you can apply for passport thru TATKAL scheme. Ideally an application sent thru TATKAL should be processed within 8-12 days. In general case it can take 2-4 months to get the passport
Brief about TATKAL
1) This scheme is introduced in order to process exceptional/urgent cases on priority
2) In this scheme authorities issue the passport immediately after document verification and do not wait for applicant's Police clearance certificate to come. However there are two important conditions for this A) A Class one officer (Usually IAS or IPS) has to write an recommendation letter for you expressing your urgent need and guarantee your clean police record B) You have to surrender your passport immediately to passport authorities if anything objectionable found in Police inquiry later
3) The Passport Fee for the application under this scheme is Rs5000 (For normal application it is Rs1500)
Word of caution :- Recently, in Maharashtra, a scandal has been exposed in which some people with criminal records were issued passports under this scheme. The IAS officers on whose recommendations these passports were issued are summoned for inquiry. Media uphold this issue and hence since then IAS officers (especially in Maharashtra) have been reluctant in making such recommendations.
For detailed information you can check here
https://portal1.passportindia.gov.in/Ap ... elcomeLinkRegards,
Narenn