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egmat
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Thank you for the explanation.

I have a doubt, though.

What about this sentence?


Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.


It's the correct answer to OG#5.
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brunoferreira
Thank you for the explanation.
Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.


In this example the subject is connected to the noun object through linking verb/state verb to be


Diabetes is X, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.

Here the past participle surpassed correctly modifies the object of the preceding clause cause of death, which is Diabetes, and it appears to be indirectly modifying Diabetes because of the linking verb.

I hope this help - and experts please correct me if I am wrong
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Hi brunoferreira,

code19 is a absolutely correct in his analysis of this sentence. Good job there code19. Keep it up. :-)

Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.

If we study this sentence, we will see that the Verb-ed Modifier actually modifies the preceding Noun Phrase "the nation's third leading cause of death".
Now since the nation's third leading cause of death = Diabetes, the said verb-ed modifier appears to be modifying "Diabetes".

Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
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I recently came across a sentence as

Due to the slow-moving nature of tectonic plate movement, the oldest ocean crust is thought to date from the Jurassic period, formed from huge fragments of the Earth's lithosphere and lasting 200 million years.


My doubt: How is FORMED modifying ocean crust here..I understand VERBed modfies closest noun and it cannot jump of over the VERB.So in this case how is it jumping the

'is ' verb

I am clear with the meaning and the tricky parallelsim between formed and lasting (we have seen earlier such examples in EGMAT where modifier-modifier parallelim is explained)

Please advise.
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iwill
Hi Shraddha,

In the following question spawned is modifying giant fungus, so in this case verb-ed modifier is modifying the subject of the clause.Am i right? so this can be taken as an exception.
Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and root like tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

Hi iwill,

Let's first break this sentence into clauses to see if "a giant fungus" is really a subject or not.

Cl. 1: Scientists have recently discovered
Cl.2: what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus
Cl. 3: that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and root like tentacles
Cont. of Cl. 2: spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

As you can see, "a giant fungus" is NOT a Subject as it does not have a verb. Whatever we have have after "a giant fungus" are all modifiers that give additional information about that giant fungus. Here "spawned" and "extending" are jumping over the clause "that is an... tentacles" because essentially this Relative Pronoun Clause is a Noun Modifier that modifies the same entity that "spawned" and "extending" modify. Also, this "that clause" cannot be placed anywhere else in the sentence without violating the meaning the sentence.

Hence, this is NOT an exception to the case.

Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha

Hi Shradha,

Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India date from the time of the Kushan Empire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or Gandharan grey schist.

Is the above question incorrect?

Thanks
Kunal
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