Hello,
There are many strengths in your profile, and some (relative) weaknesses. Before I answer your questions, a few misc. points in no order of priority:
- A key factor in your competitiveness will be the quality of your performance and track record while you were in the service; top programs expect a strong, demonstrable record of impact, leadership, and achievement. I don’t have knowledge of this dimension of your candidacy.
- It’s commendable that you are studying language currently, and adcoms will see it so. That said, the ideal scenario is applying while employed.
- You don’t mention
your goals, which are also a key element of your candidacy – not just what, but how you plan to pursue them, and why you want to (your motivation).
To answer your questions keeping in mind the above caveats:
- Top programs at the level of HBS and Stanford would be very high
reaches, perhaps not realistic. I believe that the level of programs that you should target as reasonable reaches (assuming excellent performance in the service) would be Tuck, Haas, NYU, MIT – in fact, MIT has often been particularly welcoming to applicants from the military.
- It will neither hurt not help – what WILL matter is the quality of your work, your scope of accountability, and the strength of your performance.
- Hmmm… interesting. I would consider it a high reasonable reach, but worth a shot.
- Well I mentioned MIT and NYU. I guess “major city” rules out Tuck! Consider also: Columbia (high reasonable reach), Georgetown (on-par, perhaps safety), Yale (reasonable reach), and Booth (reasonable reach).
Good luck!