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Question 1
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
53% (02:09) correct
47%
(02:23) wrong
based on 515
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
74% (00:52) correct 26%
(01:07) wrong
based on 489
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
74% (01:27) correct 26%
(01:36) wrong
based on 471
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Artificial neural networks, named so as to distinguish them from real neural networks found inside a brain, are designed to simulate the activity of real neural networks by packing interconnected "brain cells," or units, so a computer can learn and recognize patterns on its own. Artificial neural networks typically consist of three types of units: input units which receive information to learn about, output units which signal how the network has responded to the items it learned about, and hidden units which sit in layers between the input and output units. The connections made between the units are given weight, which dictates the influence of a given connection.
By constructing artificial neural networks in this way, the networks can learn through information flow in a manner similar to how a real brain learns. Information is passed to the input units, which trigger the hidden units. The hidden units are activated and the sum of the inputs it receives triggers the next unit to fire if the sum exceeds a certain threshold. By giving the output units a model to compare the result of the learning process to, the artificial neural network can learn where to place more weight in order to make the result of the output unit more closely resemble that of the model.
By constructing artificial neural networks in this way, the networks can learn through information flow in a manner similar to how a real brain learns. Information is passed to the input units, which trigger the hidden units. The hidden units are activated and the sum of the inputs it receives triggers the next unit to fire if the sum exceeds a certain threshold. By giving the output units a model to compare the result of the learning process to, the artificial neural network can learn where to place more weight in order to make the result of the output unit more closely resemble that of the model.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. describe artificial neural networks
B. contrast artificial neural networks with neural networks found in brains
C. illustrate how to build an artificial neural network
D. argue for the wider adoption of artificial neural networks
E. outline the different units of an artificial neural network and their roles in producing intelligence
A. describe artificial neural networks
B. contrast artificial neural networks with neural networks found in brains
C. illustrate how to build an artificial neural network
D. argue for the wider adoption of artificial neural networks
E. outline the different units of an artificial neural network and their roles in producing intelligence
2. It can be inferred from the passage that real neural networks
A. are to be considered superior to artificial neural networks
B. consist of input, hidden, and output units
C. inspired the development of artificial neural networks
D. are more capable of recognizing patterns than artificial neural networks
E. will someday become obsolete
A. are to be considered superior to artificial neural networks
B. consist of input, hidden, and output units
C. inspired the development of artificial neural networks
D. are more capable of recognizing patterns than artificial neural networks
E. will someday become obsolete
3. According to the passage, which of the following best represents the optimal flow of information through an artificial neural network?
A. A model is shown to the input units which pass information to the output units which describe the model.
B. Information is fed to the input units which activate the hidden units which then change the input units to more closely resemble the model.
C. The input units receive information to give to the hidden units which then forward information to the output units to compare against a model.
D. A model is shown to the input units which then attempt to recreate the model using different information.
E. The input units are activated by information fed to them via the output units which analyze a model and improve the information before handing it to the input units.
A. A model is shown to the input units which pass information to the output units which describe the model.
B. Information is fed to the input units which activate the hidden units which then change the input units to more closely resemble the model.
C. The input units receive information to give to the hidden units which then forward information to the output units to compare against a model.
D. A model is shown to the input units which then attempt to recreate the model using different information.
E. The input units are activated by information fed to them via the output units which analyze a model and improve the information before handing it to the input units.
Gowtham91
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Joined: 17 May 2019
Last visit: 23 Mar 2025
Posts: 89
Given Kudos: 408
Location: India
Concentration: Finance, Strategy
Schools: Erasmus '21 (D) IE Jan21 Intake (D)
GMAT 1: 570 Q44 V23
GMAT 2: 610 Q48 V26
16 Apr 2020, 06:33
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Q1.
A. Correct. Para1 deals with the components of Artificial Neural Netwroks (ANN). Para2 deals with constructing an ANN and its working. Hence the idea of the passage is to describe ANN.
B. It is mentioned that ANN construction takes clues from Real Neural Networks (RNN), but no contrast is mentioned.
C. This is the function of para1 only.
D. No such argument.
E. This is mentioned in the passage. But this is not the sole purpose of the passage.
Q2.
A. There is no supporting info to infer this.
B. This info is mentioned explicitly. Need not be inferred.
C. Correct We can infer this from the opening sentence of the passage - "Artificial neural networks, named so as to distinguish them from real neural networks found inside a brain, are designed to simulate the activity of real neural networks ". The word simulate is the key. Only when we are inspired by something, we try to simulate that. Its an example of biomimicry (outside info)
E. Same as A.
Q3.
Only Option C is in line with the entire process as described in para2.
A. Correct. Para1 deals with the components of Artificial Neural Netwroks (ANN). Para2 deals with constructing an ANN and its working. Hence the idea of the passage is to describe ANN.
B. It is mentioned that ANN construction takes clues from Real Neural Networks (RNN), but no contrast is mentioned.
C. This is the function of para1 only.
D. No such argument.
E. This is mentioned in the passage. But this is not the sole purpose of the passage.
Q2.
A. There is no supporting info to infer this.
B. This info is mentioned explicitly. Need not be inferred.
C. Correct We can infer this from the opening sentence of the passage - "Artificial neural networks, named so as to distinguish them from real neural networks found inside a brain, are designed to simulate the activity of real neural networks ". The word simulate is the key. Only when we are inspired by something, we try to simulate that. Its an example of biomimicry (outside info)
E. Same as A.
Q3.
Only Option C is in line with the entire process as described in para2.
23 Jun 2020, 22:39
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Official Explanation
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
Explanation
The subject of the question is the passage as a whole. The task of the question is found in the phrase primary purpose, so this is a primary purpose question. Evaluate the answer choices individually to determine which best describes the primary purpose of the passage.
Choice (A) is a good description of the primary purpose of the passage as the passage does seek to describe artificial neural networks, so keep (A).
Choice (B) is a no such comparison trap answer. While the passage does discuss artificial neural networks and neural networks found in the brain, the passage does not contrast these different networks. Eliminate (B).
Choice (C) is a memory trap. The passage does discuss the general construction of artificial neural networks but does not illustrate how to build them. Eliminate (C).
Choice (D) is an example of extreme language as the passage does not argue for anything. The passage only provides information about neural networks. Eliminate (D).
Choice (E) is a recycled language trap. The passage does mention the different units of an artificial neural network and their roles in producing intelligence, but this is not the primary purpose of the passage. The information about the units of the artificial neural network is only half of the information contained in the passage. Eliminate (E).
The correct answer is (A).
Explanation
The subject of the question is the passage as a whole. The task of the question is found in the phrase primary purpose, so this is a primary purpose question. Evaluate the answer choices individually to determine which best describes the primary purpose of the passage.
Choice (A) is a good description of the primary purpose of the passage as the passage does seek to describe artificial neural networks, so keep (A).
Choice (B) is a no such comparison trap answer. While the passage does discuss artificial neural networks and neural networks found in the brain, the passage does not contrast these different networks. Eliminate (B).
Choice (C) is a memory trap. The passage does discuss the general construction of artificial neural networks but does not illustrate how to build them. Eliminate (C).
Choice (D) is an example of extreme language as the passage does not argue for anything. The passage only provides information about neural networks. Eliminate (D).
Choice (E) is a recycled language trap. The passage does mention the different units of an artificial neural network and their roles in producing intelligence, but this is not the primary purpose of the passage. The information about the units of the artificial neural network is only half of the information contained in the passage. Eliminate (E).
The correct answer is (A).
2 It can be inferred from the passage that real neural networks
Explanation
The subject of the question is real neural networks. The task of the question is inferred, which indicates this is an inference question. The correct answer for inference questions must be true based on the information in the passage, so determine what the passage states about real neural networks. The passage states that real neural networks are found inside a brain and that artificial neural networks are designed to simulate the activity of real neural networks. Evaluate the answer choices, looking for one that is true based on this information.
Choice (A) is an example of extreme language as the passage does not suggest that real neural networks are to be considered superior to artificial neural networks. Eliminate (A).
Choice (B) is a recycled language trap. The passage states that artificial neural networks has input, hidden, and output units and are designed to simulate real neural networks. However, the passage does not state that real neural networks contain those units. Eliminate (B).
Choice (C) is true based on the information in the passage. If artificial neural networks are designed to simulate the activity of real neural networks, then it can be said that real neural networks inspired the development of artificial neural networks. Keep (C).
Choice (D) is a no such comparison answer as the passage does not compare the capability of real and artificial neural networks. Eliminate (D).
Choice (E) is an example of extreme language as the passage does not suggest that real neural networks will someday become obsolete. Eliminate (E).
The correct answer is (C).
Explanation
The subject of the question is real neural networks. The task of the question is inferred, which indicates this is an inference question. The correct answer for inference questions must be true based on the information in the passage, so determine what the passage states about real neural networks. The passage states that real neural networks are found inside a brain and that artificial neural networks are designed to simulate the activity of real neural networks. Evaluate the answer choices, looking for one that is true based on this information.
Choice (A) is an example of extreme language as the passage does not suggest that real neural networks are to be considered superior to artificial neural networks. Eliminate (A).
Choice (B) is a recycled language trap. The passage states that artificial neural networks has input, hidden, and output units and are designed to simulate real neural networks. However, the passage does not state that real neural networks contain those units. Eliminate (B).
Choice (C) is true based on the information in the passage. If artificial neural networks are designed to simulate the activity of real neural networks, then it can be said that real neural networks inspired the development of artificial neural networks. Keep (C).
Choice (D) is a no such comparison answer as the passage does not compare the capability of real and artificial neural networks. Eliminate (D).
Choice (E) is an example of extreme language as the passage does not suggest that real neural networks will someday become obsolete. Eliminate (E).
The correct answer is (C).
3. According to the passage, which of the following best represents the optimal flow of information through an artificial neural network?
Explanation
The subject of the question is the optimal flow of information through an artificial neural network. The task of the question is revealed by the phrase according to the passage, so this is a retrieval question. Determine which of the answer choices best represents the subject of the question by first determining what the passage says about the flow of information through an artificial neural network. The second paragraph of the passage gives the flow of information through as Information is passed to the input units, which trigger the hidden units. The hidden units are activated and the sum of the inputs it receives triggers the next unit to fire if the sum exceeds a certain threshold. By giving the output units a model to compare the result of the learning process to, the artificial neural network can learn where to place more weight in order to make the result of the output unit more closely resemble that of the model. Evaluate the answer choices individually, looking for one that optimizes this path.
Choice (A) is incorrect, as the input units do not directly pass information to the output units. Eliminate (A).
Choice (B) is incorrect as the hidden units do not change the input units to more closely resemble the model. Eliminate (B).
Choice (C) accurately reflects the optimized path for an artificial neural network as stated in the passage, so keep (C).
Choice (D) does not mention the hidden units nor the output units, so eliminate (D).
Choice (E) states that the output units analyze a model and improve it before handing the model to the input units, which does not match the information in the passage. Eliminate (E).
The correct answer is (C).
Explanation
The subject of the question is the optimal flow of information through an artificial neural network. The task of the question is revealed by the phrase according to the passage, so this is a retrieval question. Determine which of the answer choices best represents the subject of the question by first determining what the passage says about the flow of information through an artificial neural network. The second paragraph of the passage gives the flow of information through as Information is passed to the input units, which trigger the hidden units. The hidden units are activated and the sum of the inputs it receives triggers the next unit to fire if the sum exceeds a certain threshold. By giving the output units a model to compare the result of the learning process to, the artificial neural network can learn where to place more weight in order to make the result of the output unit more closely resemble that of the model. Evaluate the answer choices individually, looking for one that optimizes this path.
Choice (A) is incorrect, as the input units do not directly pass information to the output units. Eliminate (A).
Choice (B) is incorrect as the hidden units do not change the input units to more closely resemble the model. Eliminate (B).
Choice (C) accurately reflects the optimized path for an artificial neural network as stated in the passage, so keep (C).
Choice (D) does not mention the hidden units nor the output units, so eliminate (D).
Choice (E) states that the output units analyze a model and improve it before handing the model to the input units, which does not match the information in the passage. Eliminate (E).
The correct answer is (C).
Hope it helps
