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26 Apr 2020, 09:12
Kudos
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Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
52% (03:03) correct
48%
(03:01) wrong
based on 603
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
73% (01:17) correct 27%
(01:31) wrong
based on 608
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
49% (00:59) correct 51%
(01:03) wrong
based on 634
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
53% (01:22) correct 47%
(01:19) wrong
based on 610
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 5
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
44% (01:08) correct 56%
(01:07) wrong
based on 581
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
(From a text published in 1999)
Environmental concern and development are inextricably linked. Experience demonstrates that environmental standards and cleaner production are compatible with and supportive of economic growth. Healthy people and ecosystems are more productive. This link between economic growth and environmental improvement is enshrined, together with the commitment to development, in the World Trade Organization’s Preamble, which includes sustainable development as a basic objective of the trading system. In endorsing this concept, despite some reservations, WTO members unanimously recognized that trade and the economic growth WTO helps to create must be fostered in the context of sustainable development which integrates economic, social and environmental policies. Economic growth, sustainable development, and opportunity for citizens are fundamental goals of every society. And the record of the past five decades clearly shows how the trading system has helped us reach some of these goals.
Since 1960, the WTO has negotiated a 90% drop in tariffs, and non-tariff barriers to trade have also been dramatically reduced. Moreover, market access for agriculture and services will be further expanded upon conclusion of the next Uruguay Round. Thus, since 1960 trade has grown fifteen-fold; world economic production has quadrupled; and world per capita income has more than doubled. However, has the World Trade Organization done enough to promote sustainable development and protect the environment? The answer is yet to be presented by WTO. In reference to the concept of sustainable development, the Brundtland Commission Re- port of 1987 stated “we must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Have any laws been made to make sustainable development mandatory? Taking into account state practice, treaty law, international case law and relevant legal literature, sustainable development is not yet a norm of international law. Currently it reflects a policy goal of the international community. This method of taking a concept so important only as a precautionary guideline has brought the WTO’s intentions regarding sustainable development into question.
Environmental concern and development are inextricably linked. Experience demonstrates that environmental standards and cleaner production are compatible with and supportive of economic growth. Healthy people and ecosystems are more productive. This link between economic growth and environmental improvement is enshrined, together with the commitment to development, in the World Trade Organization’s Preamble, which includes sustainable development as a basic objective of the trading system. In endorsing this concept, despite some reservations, WTO members unanimously recognized that trade and the economic growth WTO helps to create must be fostered in the context of sustainable development which integrates economic, social and environmental policies. Economic growth, sustainable development, and opportunity for citizens are fundamental goals of every society. And the record of the past five decades clearly shows how the trading system has helped us reach some of these goals.
Since 1960, the WTO has negotiated a 90% drop in tariffs, and non-tariff barriers to trade have also been dramatically reduced. Moreover, market access for agriculture and services will be further expanded upon conclusion of the next Uruguay Round. Thus, since 1960 trade has grown fifteen-fold; world economic production has quadrupled; and world per capita income has more than doubled. However, has the World Trade Organization done enough to promote sustainable development and protect the environment? The answer is yet to be presented by WTO. In reference to the concept of sustainable development, the Brundtland Commission Re- port of 1987 stated “we must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Have any laws been made to make sustainable development mandatory? Taking into account state practice, treaty law, international case law and relevant legal literature, sustainable development is not yet a norm of international law. Currently it reflects a policy goal of the international community. This method of taking a concept so important only as a precautionary guideline has brought the WTO’s intentions regarding sustainable development into question.
1. Which of the following titles would be most appropriate for this passage?
(A) The Work of the WTO
(B) WTO Measures to Protect the Environment
(C) Healthy trade and ecosystems
(D) The WTO and the Environment
(E) The Link between Trade and the sustainable development
(A) The Work of the WTO
(B) WTO Measures to Protect the Environment
(C) Healthy trade and ecosystems
(D) The WTO and the Environment
(E) The Link between Trade and the sustainable development
2. According to the passage, under what conditions did the WTO endorse the link between the environment and sustainable development?
(A) By recognizing that development is the fundamental goal of every society
(B) By committing the WTO itself to environmental improvement
(C) By declaring that trade must be based on sustainable development
(D) By refuting the concept of temporary development as a basis for trade
(E) By understanding healthy ecosystems
(A) By recognizing that development is the fundamental goal of every society
(B) By committing the WTO itself to environmental improvement
(C) By declaring that trade must be based on sustainable development
(D) By refuting the concept of temporary development as a basis for trade
(E) By understanding healthy ecosystems
3. Why does the author present the question “has the World Trade Organization done enough ... environment?” (Highlighted) in the second paragraph?
(A) To question the WTO on its actions taken so far to assess them
(B) To suggest that the WTO hasn’t done enough towards sustainable development
(C) To imply that sustainable development is an impossible goal to attain for the WTO
(D) To create doubts in the readers’ minds about the usefulness of the WTO
(E) To introduce doubts about the WTO’s actions since its inception
(A) To question the WTO on its actions taken so far to assess them
(B) To suggest that the WTO hasn’t done enough towards sustainable development
(C) To imply that sustainable development is an impossible goal to attain for the WTO
(D) To create doubts in the readers’ minds about the usefulness of the WTO
(E) To introduce doubts about the WTO’s actions since its inception
4. According to the information presented in the passage, with which of the following would the writer of the passage most likely disagree?
(A) It isn’t necessary to compromise on economic goals to achieve sustainable growth.
(B) The WTO should encourage countries to care for the environment as well as economic progress.
(C) The WTO is not more motivated by the desire for expanding trade than towards environmental concerns.
(D) Decreasing tariffs increases world trade.
(E) The WTO is not instrumental in protecting the global environment.
(A) It isn’t necessary to compromise on economic goals to achieve sustainable growth.
(B) The WTO should encourage countries to care for the environment as well as economic progress.
(C) The WTO is not more motivated by the desire for expanding trade than towards environmental concerns.
(D) Decreasing tariffs increases world trade.
(E) The WTO is not instrumental in protecting the global environment.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the conclusion of the Uruguay Round will
(A) open the way to environmental protection measures
(B) bring new laws towards sustainable development
(C) lead to new global trade agreements
(D) see more reductions in tariffs and trading obstacles
(E) lead to dramatic trade expansion and global growth
(A) open the way to environmental protection measures
(B) bring new laws towards sustainable development
(C) lead to new global trade agreements
(D) see more reductions in tariffs and trading obstacles
(E) lead to dramatic trade expansion and global growth
bM22
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26 Apr 2020, 13:02
Kudos
Bookmarks
1. Which of the following titles would be most appropriate for this passage?
(A) The Work of the WTO
(B) WTO Measures to Protect the Environment
(C) Healthy trade and ecosystems
(D) The WTO and the Environment
(E) The Link between Trade and the sustainable development
Correct Answer - D
Explanation - In the 1st para of the passage, author talks about how WTO's major focus is sustainable development and healthy environment and trade hand in hand.
In 2nd para, we can see that the measures taken by WTO for the free flow of trade and economic growth have shown results, but the author is doubtful of its contribution to sustainable developement, even though the sustainable developement is a major goal of WTO.
So we can conclude that the best title for the passage could be :The WTO and the Environment.
2. According to the passage, under what conditions did the WTO endorse the link between the environment and sustainable development?
(A) By recognizing that development is the fundamental goal of every society
(B) By committing the WTO itself to environmental improvement
(C) By declaring that trade must be based on sustainable development
(D) By refuting the concept of temporary development as a basis for trade
(E) By understanding healthy ecosystems
Correct Answer - C
Explanation - as mentioned in the passage: "WTO members unanimously recognized that trade and the economic growth WTO helps to create must be fostered in the context of sustainable development which integrates economic, social and environmental policies. Economic growth, sustainable development, and opportunity for citizens are fundamental goals of every society. "
Option A, B - incorrect, as the statement is true, but not a condition under which WTO endorsed the link between the environment and sustainable development.
Option D, E- irrelevant as not true as per passage.
3. Why does the author present the question “has the World Trade Organization done enough ... environment?” (Highlighted) in the second paragraph?
(A) To question the WTO on its actions taken so far to assess them
(B) To suggest that the WTO hasn’t done enough towards sustainable development
(C) To imply that sustainable development is an impossible goal to attain for the WTO
(D) To create doubts in the readers’ minds about the usefulness of the WTO
(E) To introduce doubts about the WTO’s actions since its inception
Correct Answer - B
Explanation - as the author asks in the 2nd para, " However, has the World Trade Organization done enough to promote sustainable development and protect the environment? The answer is yet to be presented by WTO.", implies that author wants WTO to provide answers to the questions so that an assessment can be done as to what has been done w.r.t sustainable development.
Option A - partly correct, but later after asking the question, at the end of the para, author mentions : "This method of taking a concept so important only as a precautionary guideline has brought the WTO’s intentions regarding sustainable development into question.", suggestive of the fact that author is critical of WTO intentions regarding sustainable development.
Option C, E - incorrect, as out of scope w.r.t the passage.
Option D - incorrect, as the intention is not what's mentioned in the option.
4. According to the information presented in the passage, with which of the following would the writer of the passage most likely disagree?
(A) It isn’t necessary to compromise on economic goals to achieve sustainable growth.
(B) The WTO should encourage countries to care for the environment as well as economic progress.
(C) The WTO is not more motivated by the desire for expanding trade than towards environmental concerns.
(D) Decreasing tariffs increases world trade.
(E) The WTO is not instrumental in protecting the global environment.
Correct Answer - C
Explanation - as mentioned in the 2nd para : "Thus, since 1960 trade has grown fifteen-fold; world economic production has quadrupled; and world per capita income has more than doubled. However, has the World Trade Organization done enough to promote sustainable development and protect the environment?", implies that author disagrees that trade is not more important to WTO than environmental concerns, since the results of the since the 1960's show the opposite.
Option A,B,D,E -incorrect, as all the options are mentioned in the passage, and author would agree with all of them.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the conclusion of the Uruguay Round will
(A) open the way to environmental protection measures
(B) bring new laws towards sustainable development
(C) lead to new global trade agreements
(D) see more reductions in tariffs and trading obstacles
(E) lead to dramatic trade expansion and global growth
Correct Answer - D
Explanation - as mentioned in the passage: "Moreover, market access for agriculture and services will be further expanded upon conclusion of the next Uruguay Round", implies that more access for agriculture will be provided after the conclusion of the Uruguay round.
Option A,B,C,E - incorrect, not discussed w.r.t conclusion of the Uruguay Round. Options C, E are correct, but incomplete.
(A) The Work of the WTO
(B) WTO Measures to Protect the Environment
(C) Healthy trade and ecosystems
(D) The WTO and the Environment
(E) The Link between Trade and the sustainable development
Correct Answer - D
Explanation - In the 1st para of the passage, author talks about how WTO's major focus is sustainable development and healthy environment and trade hand in hand.
In 2nd para, we can see that the measures taken by WTO for the free flow of trade and economic growth have shown results, but the author is doubtful of its contribution to sustainable developement, even though the sustainable developement is a major goal of WTO.
So we can conclude that the best title for the passage could be :The WTO and the Environment.
2. According to the passage, under what conditions did the WTO endorse the link between the environment and sustainable development?
(A) By recognizing that development is the fundamental goal of every society
(B) By committing the WTO itself to environmental improvement
(C) By declaring that trade must be based on sustainable development
(D) By refuting the concept of temporary development as a basis for trade
(E) By understanding healthy ecosystems
Correct Answer - C
Explanation - as mentioned in the passage: "WTO members unanimously recognized that trade and the economic growth WTO helps to create must be fostered in the context of sustainable development which integrates economic, social and environmental policies. Economic growth, sustainable development, and opportunity for citizens are fundamental goals of every society. "
Option A, B - incorrect, as the statement is true, but not a condition under which WTO endorsed the link between the environment and sustainable development.
Option D, E- irrelevant as not true as per passage.
3. Why does the author present the question “has the World Trade Organization done enough ... environment?” (Highlighted) in the second paragraph?
(A) To question the WTO on its actions taken so far to assess them
(B) To suggest that the WTO hasn’t done enough towards sustainable development
(C) To imply that sustainable development is an impossible goal to attain for the WTO
(D) To create doubts in the readers’ minds about the usefulness of the WTO
(E) To introduce doubts about the WTO’s actions since its inception
Correct Answer - B
Explanation - as the author asks in the 2nd para, " However, has the World Trade Organization done enough to promote sustainable development and protect the environment? The answer is yet to be presented by WTO.", implies that author wants WTO to provide answers to the questions so that an assessment can be done as to what has been done w.r.t sustainable development.
Option A - partly correct, but later after asking the question, at the end of the para, author mentions : "This method of taking a concept so important only as a precautionary guideline has brought the WTO’s intentions regarding sustainable development into question.", suggestive of the fact that author is critical of WTO intentions regarding sustainable development.
Option C, E - incorrect, as out of scope w.r.t the passage.
Option D - incorrect, as the intention is not what's mentioned in the option.
4. According to the information presented in the passage, with which of the following would the writer of the passage most likely disagree?
(A) It isn’t necessary to compromise on economic goals to achieve sustainable growth.
(B) The WTO should encourage countries to care for the environment as well as economic progress.
(C) The WTO is not more motivated by the desire for expanding trade than towards environmental concerns.
(D) Decreasing tariffs increases world trade.
(E) The WTO is not instrumental in protecting the global environment.
Correct Answer - C
Explanation - as mentioned in the 2nd para : "Thus, since 1960 trade has grown fifteen-fold; world economic production has quadrupled; and world per capita income has more than doubled. However, has the World Trade Organization done enough to promote sustainable development and protect the environment?", implies that author disagrees that trade is not more important to WTO than environmental concerns, since the results of the since the 1960's show the opposite.
Option A,B,D,E -incorrect, as all the options are mentioned in the passage, and author would agree with all of them.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the conclusion of the Uruguay Round will
(A) open the way to environmental protection measures
(B) bring new laws towards sustainable development
(C) lead to new global trade agreements
(D) see more reductions in tariffs and trading obstacles
(E) lead to dramatic trade expansion and global growth
Correct Answer - D
Explanation - as mentioned in the passage: "Moreover, market access for agriculture and services will be further expanded upon conclusion of the next Uruguay Round", implies that more access for agriculture will be provided after the conclusion of the Uruguay round.
Option A,B,C,E - incorrect, not discussed w.r.t conclusion of the Uruguay Round. Options C, E are correct, but incomplete.
26 Apr 2020, 22:29
Kudos
Bookmarks
1. Which of the following titles would be most appropriate for this passage?
(A) The Work of the WTO
(B) WTO Measures to Protect the Environment
(C) Healthy trade and ecosystems
(D) The WTO and the Environment
(E) The Link between Trade and the sustainable development
Explanation of question 1
A - Author is not just describing, he has an opinion.
B - Well this would be a cynical title, provided the author thinks the WTO can do so much more...
C - Where is WTO in this, as WTO is central to the passage. Out.
D - Starts of it environmental concerns, but the main passage is indeed concerned with WTO's role in all this. Most suitable.
E - Too narrow, no mention of WTO.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the passage, under what conditions did the WTO endorse the link between the environment and sustainable development?
(A) By recognizing that development is the fundamental goal of every society
(B) By committing the WTO itself to environmental improvement
(C) By declaring that trade must be based on sustainable development
(D) By refuting the concept of temporary development as a basis for trade
(E) By understanding healthy ecosystems
Explanation of question 2
B and C come close.
B - Passage states - "together with the commitment to development, in the World Trade Organization’s Preamble, which includes sustainable development" So the WTO commits to sustainable development. This is a commitment to environmental improvement, as the both are enshrined together.
C - Yes the WTO agrees that trade must be based on sustainable development, but is this the required condition under which the WTO endorsed the link?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why does the author present the question “has the World Trade Organization done enough ... environment?” (Highlighted) in the second paragraph?
(A) To question the WTO on its actions taken so far to assess them
(B) To suggest that the WTO hasn’t done enough towards sustainable development
(C) To imply that sustainable development is an impossible goal to attain for the WTO
(D) To create doubts in the readers’ minds about the usefulness of the WTO
(E) To introduce doubts about the WTO’s actions since its inception
Explanation of question 3
Author follows this question with why he thiks the WTO has not done enough - like no laws have been passed etc. It is merely a policy goal for international community and the WTO is not doing enough. This is why B is our answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. According to the information presented in the passage, with which of the following would the writer of the passage most likely disagree?
(A) It isn’t necessary to compromise on economic goals to achieve sustainable growth.
(B) The WTO should encourage countries to care for the environment as well as economic progress.
(C) The WTO is not more motivated by the desire for expanding trade than towards environmental concerns.
(D) Decreasing tariffs increases world trade.
(E) The WTO is not instrumental in protecting the global environment.
Explanation of question 4
A - Author agrees to this, as both of these go hand in hand.
B - Out of scope.
C - I think the author thinks WTO IS more motivated by desire for expanding trade than taking care of environment. Hence the author would most likely disagree with the statement WTO NOT motivated more by desire for expanding trade.
D - Agrees, with 90% drop of tariff, trade has grown 15 fold.
E - Yes author agrees, therefore he criticizes the WTO for not taking enough steps.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the conclusion of the Uruguay Round will
(A) open the way to environmental protection measures
(B) bring new laws towards sustainable development
(C) lead to new global trade agreements
(D) see more reductions in tariffs and trading obstacles
(E) lead to dramatic trade expansion and global growth
Explanation of question 5
Market access of agricultural services are expanded due to the Uruguay Round. And this was in addition to the WTO negotiating 90% reduction in tariff-barriers. Thus the Uruguay Round hand in hand with reduction in trade barriers led to dramatic trade expansion and global growth. E is our answer.
(A) The Work of the WTO
(B) WTO Measures to Protect the Environment
(C) Healthy trade and ecosystems
(D) The WTO and the Environment
(E) The Link between Trade and the sustainable development
Explanation of question 1
A - Author is not just describing, he has an opinion.
B - Well this would be a cynical title, provided the author thinks the WTO can do so much more...
C - Where is WTO in this, as WTO is central to the passage. Out.
D - Starts of it environmental concerns, but the main passage is indeed concerned with WTO's role in all this. Most suitable.
E - Too narrow, no mention of WTO.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the passage, under what conditions did the WTO endorse the link between the environment and sustainable development?
(A) By recognizing that development is the fundamental goal of every society
(B) By committing the WTO itself to environmental improvement
(C) By declaring that trade must be based on sustainable development
(D) By refuting the concept of temporary development as a basis for trade
(E) By understanding healthy ecosystems
Explanation of question 2
B and C come close.
B - Passage states - "together with the commitment to development, in the World Trade Organization’s Preamble, which includes sustainable development" So the WTO commits to sustainable development. This is a commitment to environmental improvement, as the both are enshrined together.
C - Yes the WTO agrees that trade must be based on sustainable development, but is this the required condition under which the WTO endorsed the link?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why does the author present the question “has the World Trade Organization done enough ... environment?” (Highlighted) in the second paragraph?
(A) To question the WTO on its actions taken so far to assess them
(B) To suggest that the WTO hasn’t done enough towards sustainable development
(C) To imply that sustainable development is an impossible goal to attain for the WTO
(D) To create doubts in the readers’ minds about the usefulness of the WTO
(E) To introduce doubts about the WTO’s actions since its inception
Explanation of question 3
Author follows this question with why he thiks the WTO has not done enough - like no laws have been passed etc. It is merely a policy goal for international community and the WTO is not doing enough. This is why B is our answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. According to the information presented in the passage, with which of the following would the writer of the passage most likely disagree?
(A) It isn’t necessary to compromise on economic goals to achieve sustainable growth.
(B) The WTO should encourage countries to care for the environment as well as economic progress.
(C) The WTO is not more motivated by the desire for expanding trade than towards environmental concerns.
(D) Decreasing tariffs increases world trade.
(E) The WTO is not instrumental in protecting the global environment.
Explanation of question 4
A - Author agrees to this, as both of these go hand in hand.
B - Out of scope.
C - I think the author thinks WTO IS more motivated by desire for expanding trade than taking care of environment. Hence the author would most likely disagree with the statement WTO NOT motivated more by desire for expanding trade.
D - Agrees, with 90% drop of tariff, trade has grown 15 fold.
E - Yes author agrees, therefore he criticizes the WTO for not taking enough steps.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the conclusion of the Uruguay Round will
(A) open the way to environmental protection measures
(B) bring new laws towards sustainable development
(C) lead to new global trade agreements
(D) see more reductions in tariffs and trading obstacles
(E) lead to dramatic trade expansion and global growth
Explanation of question 5
Market access of agricultural services are expanded due to the Uruguay Round. And this was in addition to the WTO negotiating 90% reduction in tariff-barriers. Thus the Uruguay Round hand in hand with reduction in trade barriers led to dramatic trade expansion and global growth. E is our answer.
