My answer is (B).
(A) The researchers explained that the average cost of a study performed by the laboratory would increase more than 10 percent, amounting to about $80,000, as compared with similar research and analysis this year.
=> Do not use ''more than'' together with ''compared with''
(B) The researchers explained that the average cost of research and analysis performed by the laboratory would increase more than 10 percent, or about $80,000, from that of similar studies this year.
=> No flaw, keep for awhile
(C) The researchers explained that there would be an increase of about 10 percent in
a study's average cost, or about $80,000, above this year's
similar research and analysis.=> The sentence is comparing a study's average cost to "this year's similar research''. It should be compare cost to cost
(D) Compared to
similar studies this year,
the researchers explained that the average cost of research and analysis performed by the laboratory would increase about $80,000, by more than 10 percent.
=> The sentence is comparing similar studies vs. the researchers
(E) Contrasted with similar research and analysis this year, the researchers explained that the average cost of a study performed by the laboratory would increase more than $80,000, or about 10 percent.
=> Same as D