In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for discoverin

Question

Project SC Butler: Day 166: Sentence Correction (SC2) 
 For SC butler Questions  Click Here

In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine  for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located  inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.

A) for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located

B) for her discovery of the chromosomes' process, the thread-like structures that locate

C) for her discovery of the process by which chromosomes, and these are the thread-like structures located

D) because she discovered the process through which chromosomes, these being the thread-like structures that are located

E) for her discovery of the process where chromosomes, the thread-like structures located

generis · Accepted Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Project SC Butler: Day 166: Sentence Correction (SC2)

THE PROMPT

Quote:

In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.

THE OPTIONS

Quote:

A) In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.

• everything seems fine
• whereby appropriately refers to a process. Here it means by which
• the thread-like structures that are located inside a cell's nucleus . . . is a really long but informative appositive of chromosomes. The appositive is placed and worded correctly.
An appositive is a noun modifier. You can read more about appositives HERE.
-- A short appositive consists of a second noun. My friend Martin is from Poland.
-- An appositive phrase is a [(second) noun + modifiers] that renames or re-describes a noun.
-- If the appositive is essential or vital, it is not separated by a comma from the noun it describes
-- If the appositive is not essential or not vital, it IS separated by a comma from the noun it describes, without any conjunction such as and
-- Why am I harping on the appositive? Because if you were to use splits, you could eliminate three options quickly (B, C, and D) by examining the appositive phrase.
In all three the appositive "thread-like structures" is misused .
• You could also strip the sentence of nonessentials, appositive included:
Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering the process whereby chromosomes . . . exchange information.
That sentence makes sense.
KEEP

[b]B) In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for her discovery of the chromosomes' process, the thread-like structures that locate inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.[/b]
• thread-like structures cannot refer to a process.
Appositives rename or re-describe a noun. This appositive should modify chromosomes, not process.
• THE chromosomes' process is awkward, no doubt.
-- in addition, THE is not appropriate.
-- the is too strong here. Are these special chromosomes? Then we should have heard about them first.
-- or are we supposed to be talking about the characteristics of chromosomes? Then we don't use THE.
• If you strip this version, you get nonsense:
McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for her discovery of the chromosomes' process . . . exchange information during cell division.
Eliminate B

Quote:

C) In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize [i]for her discovery of the process by which chromosomes, and these are the thread-like structures located inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.

• the appositive should begin with a noun, not the conjunction and
• and these are the is bizarre and wordy. Compare to A.
• We have a missing THAT.
-- on the RHS of parallelism marker and we have that contain
-- A that on the RHS of and means that the LHS should also have a THAT.
Eliminate C

Quote:

D) In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize because she discovered the process through which chromosomes, these being the thread-like structures that are located inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.

• these being is unnecessary and awkward. Whatever the words are trying to convey, they are failing.
• compare to (A). A wins.
Eliminate D.

Quote:

E) In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for her discovery of the process where chromosomes, the thread-like structures [that are] located inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division

• on the GMAT, where refers to an actual location
• as in (C), the appositive is missing a that. We have one that on the RHS of and. To maintain parallelism in defining "structures" restrictively, we need both characteristics (location and what they contain) to be introduced by that.
Eliminate E

The correct answer is A

COMMENTS

dushyanta , welcome to SC Butler.

I am impressed by the different levels and kinds of analysis that I see.
This variety is good—as are these answers. Kudos to all.

I am impressed by the different levels and kinds of analysis that I see. This variety is good—as are these answers. Kudos to all.

warrior1991 · Answer

These two options can be eliminated right away because we do not have  that  in these options.

Ok. Seems to be good. Keep it.That is also parallel to that that in non-underlined part.

The change in meaning here. This option says that chromosomes' process are the thread-like structures. This is incorrect.

The usage of  being  is incorrect here. It can be either either as a gerund or as a past progressive tense. Also the construct is awkward. Incorrect.

IMO A.

J2S2019 · Answer

IMO the correct answer is A

In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.

A) for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located - Nice, keep it . "the thread-like structures that are located...." modifies the chromosomes correctly - Correct

B) for her discovery of the chromosomes' process, the thread-like structures that locate - unnecessary possiveness changing the intended meaning of the structure

C) for her discovery of the process by which chromosomes, and these are the thread-like structures located - missing "that" to maining the parallelism with "and that contain an organism's DNA" - Incorrect

D) because she discovered the process through which chromosomes, these being the thread-like structures that are located - being is almost incorrect in GMAT -

E) for her discovery of the process where chromosomes, the thread-like structures located - missing "that" to maining the parallelism with "and that contain an organism's DNA" - Incorrect

eakabuah · Answer

B is incorrect because the verb “locate” should be preceded by an appropriate form of the verb “to be”, in this case “are” is required. In addition, “locate” should be should be in the past tense. The adjectival clause “the thread-like structures that are located inside a cells....” wrongly modifies “chromosomes’ process”.

C is incorrect because “located inside a cells nucleus” is not parallel to “that contains an organisms DNA”.

D is incorrect because the presence of “being”. The right form should be “are” in which case there would be no need for the “are” before the verb “located”.

E is incorrect because of parallelism issues and the absence of the required helping verb “are” to precede “located”.

A is correct. “that are located inside a cell’s nucleus” is rightly parallel to “that contain an organisms DNA”. It also corrects all the identified issues in the other sentences, by ensuring “chromosomes” is rightly modified, and introduced the helping verb “are” before the verb “located”.

Posted from my mobile device

shridhar786 · Answer

A) for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures  that are located  inside a cell's nucleus and  that contain  an organism's DNA
---maintains parallelism
---modifier is correctly modifying chromosomes  (correct)

B) for her discovery of the  chromosomes' process, the thread-like structures  that  locate 
--- structures that locate inside the nucleus (locate what?) this does not make sense
---structures that are located inside the nucleus is correct 
---chromosomes are the thread-like structures not chromosomes' process  (incorrect)

C) for her discovery of the process by which chromosomes, and these are the thread-like structures  located inside a cell's nucleus  and  that  contain an organism's DNA
---that is required after structures to maintain the parallelism  (incorrect)

D) because she discovered the process through which chromosomes, these  being  the thread-like structures that are located
use of being is incorrect over here  (incorrect)

E) for her discovery of the process  where  chromosomes, the thread-like structures  located inside a cell's nucleus  and  that  contain an organism's DNA
----where is incorrect (used for physical location)
----we need that after structures to maintain parallelism  (incorrect)

zhanbo · Answer

My answer:  A . My time: 1 minute 41 seconds.

In (A), whereby = by which. I could not see anything particularly wrong.
In (B), "the thread-like structure" cannot be appositive of "process". 
In (C), Sentence fragment. 
In (D), Sentence fragment
In (E), where should only to used to refer to a place, not to a process.

TheNightKing · Answer

Here is my approach:
My first read tells me that Someone is awarded for the discovery of something. So in my head I eliminate A and E. So I read B and I don't like the structure "chromosomes' process".
So I read C and I see "these are" and I am like what? So I read E and I see "where" which is not correct because where cannot be used for a imaginary place. So basically I am left with nothing.
Which means I did something wrong.

So let's read more of the non underlined portion.  the thread-like structures that are located  inside a cell's nucleus and  that contain an organism's DNA , exchange information during cell division.
So I have a "and that" which means I need a "that" in the part before the and. Using this approach I eliminate all but A and B.
But we already eliminated B because of possessive noun. So we are left with A.

IMO A.

ccheryn · Answer

In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located inside a cell's nucleus and that contain an organism's DNA, exchange information during cell division.

A) for discovering the process whereby chromosomes, the thread-like structures that are located  ( seems good, correct choice)

B) for her discovery of the chromosomes' process, the thread-like structures that locate  ( process exchange information is wrong meaning. wrong) 
 
C) for her discovery of the process by which chromosomes, and these are the thread-like structures located  ( i dont know whether a IC can come inbetween noun and the verb . generis has to say on this. (chromosomes + IC + exchange. anyways first part is wordy. wrong anyways )

D) because she discovered the process through which chromosomes, these being the thread-like structures that are located  ( through which seems wrong, atleast inwhich has to to be there. these being the the redundant.. wrong)

E) for her discovery of the process where chromosomes, the thread-like structures located  ( where seems wrong modifier for the process . that are seems necessary or not also i dont know here after the thread -like structure. waiting for generis explanation for this. wrong)

waiting of Official OA.

exc4libur · Answer

DESCONSTRUCT
modifier: what are "the thread-like structures" modifying? chromosomes (can't be "process")
parallelism: "that are located… and that contain"
meaning: she was awarded the prize "because of something" or "for something"? "for discovering a process"

B) "chromosomes' process, the thread-like structures" unintended modifier; "structures that locate inside a cell's nucleus" nonsense;
C) "by which chromosomes, and these…, exchange" sentence fragment and nonsense; "and these… that contain" unparallel;
D) "because she discovered" unintended; "these being" imps "chromosomes" are being something, nonsense;
E) "structures located… that contain" not parallel;

Answer (A)

dushyanta · Answer

process where - incorrect; where is to be used for location.. in which would have been better choice

generis · Answer

I have posted the official explanation  HERE.

nehasomani33 · Answer

Easy one!!

Check for parallelism - Check the sentence written after the underlined portion, it has "that contain". Try to locate the option which is parallel to this.

we can easily eliminate the option C & E. Now we are left with option A, B and D, let's see these.

A & D - "that are located" is not parallel with "that contain". Check tenses here.

B is the correct answer.

Let me know if you have any question!

Sam10smart · Answer

generis 
Hi can you advice on the difficulty level of this ques please?
Regards
Sambhav

chrtpmdr · Answer

Aside from the problem, is the non-underlined portion really correct? 
Do we say, refering to a past event, that one won the nobel prize in category X or Y?

It would totally make sense to use that in a future tense as "She might win the nobel price in category X or Y ..." 
But in my opinion the statement does not make sense, we already know that she either won it in one category or both, why should we say "In 1983 xyz won the nobel prize in x or y" ?

VerbalBot · Answer

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In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for discoverin

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

In 1983, Barbara McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize for discoverin

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

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