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DasAshishAshutosh
I guess it is D .

Complicating things even more has been an overall decline in consumer spending lately, if not cessation, which has given little in the way of determining true value.

Meaning An overall decline in consumer spending has been Complicating things even more lately.
This overall decline in consumer spending, if not session, has given little in the way of determining true value.


A. has been an overall decline in consumer spending lately, if not cessation, which has given


1.Choices A has meaning issue.. The way this choice is written.. it says Complicating things has been an overall decline ..providing illogical meaning.
2.Modifier which must refer to 'decline in consumer spending' however it is modifying to situation..


B. there is an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, lately it has given


1.Two independent clauses disconnected by just a comma .. Incorrect .


C. an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, has lately given


1. Without a comma after Complicating things even more puts an illogical meaning . .. Incorrect .


D. lately, an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, has given

1. Correct . Opening phrase Complicating things even more lately acts as a modifier to an overall decline in consumer spending . Which is correct meaning wise . Overall the sentence is clear .

E. is that an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, which gives


1. Tense issue .
2. Meaning issue .
3. clause that ...spending doesn't have a verb .


D is the best choice .

Well done, DasAshishAshutosh! You cracked the code on this one - kudos to you! :) :thumbsup:
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Complicating things even more has been an overall decline in consumer spending lately, if not cessation, which has given little in the way of determining true value.

A. has been an overall decline in consumer spending lately, if not cessation, which has given
- we have a mashup of two incompatible verb tense in the context of this passage: ''Complicating'' (a present progressive tense verb) does not complement the timeline for the verb ''has been'' (a present perfect verb).

B. there is an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, lately it has given
- the pronoun ''it'' has several possible antecedents: decline, spending, cessation.

C. an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, has lately given
- what precedes the underlined portion is a modifier clause. Hence, it must be separated from the main subject (the ''overall decline'') by a comma. (C) does not have such a comma.

D. lately, an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, has given - has no error. Therefore, (D) is the right answer choice.

E. is that an overall decline in consumer spending, if not cessation, which gives
- the ''that'' clause is not a complete clause since what succeeds it is just a combination of modifier phrases.
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Automated notice from GMAT Club VerbalBot:

A member just gave Kudos to this thread, showing it’s still useful. I’ve bumped it to the top so more people can benefit. Feel free to add your own questions or solutions.

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