akanshaxo
The Asian elephant walks with at least two, and sometimes three, feet on the ground at all times. Even though it can accelerate, it does so merely by taking quicker and longer steps. So the Asian elephant does not actually run.
The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
(A) If an animal cannot accelerate, then it cannot run.
(B) To run, an animal must have all of its feet off the ground at once.
(C) The Asian elephant can walk as quickly as some animals run.
(D) It is unusual for a four-legged animal to keep three feet on the ground while walking.
(E) All four-legged animals walk with at least two feet on the ground at all times.
Note that the question is looking for sufficiency, not a necessary condition though it says "... is assumed".
"The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which of the following is assumed/is true" - Basically, which option if true, makes the conclusion true?
Conclusion: the Asian elephant does not actually run.
Premise: The Asian elephant walks with at least two, and sometimes three, feet on the ground at all times.
If we also know "To run, an animal must have all of its feet off the ground at once," then we can say for sure that the Asian elephant does not run. So option (B), if true makes the conclusion follow. It is sufficient to make the conclusion true.
Hence (B) is the answer.
We are not looking for an assumption that the author is making in this argument. We need to give an option that establishes the conclusion beyond doubt. This is the reason one needs to pay close attention to the wording.
None of the other options establish the conclusion.
(A) If an animal cannot accelerate, then it cannot run.
This tells us what is implied if an animal cannot accelerate. Does it help us establish that the elephant cannot run? No.
(C) The Asian elephant can walk as quickly as some animals run.
The comparison of speed does not help establish that the elephant cannot run.
(D) It is unusual for a four-legged animal to keep three feet on the ground while walking.
Irrelevant how common or unusual this is.
(E) All four-legged animals walk with at least two feet on the ground at all times.
Doesn't help establish that the elephant cannot run.
Answer (B)